Chemistry Concepts Ch.2

Front 1

physical change

Back 1

substance changes its phase or some other physical property but not is chemical components

Front 2

chemical properties

Back 2

those that characterize the ability of a substance to react with other substances or to transform from one substance to another

Front 3

chemical change

Back 3

any change in a substance that involves a rearrangement of the way atoms are bonded

Front 4

chemical rection

Back 4

new materials are formed by a change in the way chemical are bonded together

Front 5

element

Back 5

any material that is made up of only one type of atom

Front 6

periodic table

Back 6

all of the elements listed in one chart

Front 7

atomic symbol

Back 7

Each element's designation which comes from the letters of the elements name

Front 8

elemental formula

Back 8

how many atoms are bound together in an element

Front 9

compound

Back 9

when atoms of different elements bond to one another

Front 10

chemical formula

Back 10

symbols for the elements of a compound are written together

Front 11

mixture

Back 11

a combination of two or more substances in which each substance retains its properties

Front 12

pure

Back 12

material consists of only a single element or compound

Front 13

impure

Back 13

it is a mixture and contains two or more elements or compounds

Front 14

heterogeneous mixture

Back 14

the different components can be seen as individual substances (oil and vinegar)

Front 15

homogeneous mixture

Back 15

same composition throughout

Front 16

solution

Back 16

homogeneous mixture where all components are in the same phase

Front 17

suspension

Back 17

homogeneous mixture where all particles of a substance are finely mixed but not dissolved. The components can be of different phases such as a solid in a liquid substance

Front 18

What is the easiest way to distinguish suspension from a solution:

Back 18

spin a sample in a centrifuge

Front 19

metals

Back 19

elements that are shiny, opaque, good conductors of electricity and heat, malleable (hammered into different shapes without breaking), ductile (drawn into wires), most solid at room temperature,

Front 20

Metals that are liquid at room temperature

Back 20

mercury, Hg
gallium, Ga
cesium, Cs
francium, Fr

Front 21

nonmetals

Back 21

very poor conductors of electricity, may also be transparent, solids of this kind are not malleable nor ductile, some are solid while others are liquid or gaseous

Front 22

List the metalloid elements

Back 22

boron, B
silicon, Si,
germanium, Ge
arsenic, As
antimony, Sb
tellurium, Te

Front 23

metalloid characteristics

Back 23

have both metallic and nonmetallic characteristics. These elements are weak conductors of electricity, making them good semiconductors for computers. Position on the periodic table displays how close the element is to being a metal or nonmetal.

Front 24

period

Back 24

horizontal row

Front 25

group/family

Back 25

vertical column

Front 26

periodic trend

Back 26

Across any period, the properties of elements gradually change

Front 27

group 1

Back 27

alkali metals

Front 28

group 2

Back 28

alkali earth metals

Front 29

groups 3-12

Back 29

transition metals

Front 30

groups 13-15

Back 30

no common names

Front 31

group 16

Back 31

chalcogens

Front 32

group 7a

Back 32

halogens

Front 33

group 8a

Back 33

noble gases

Front 34

inner transition metals

Back 34

six and seventh period metallic subsets that are unlike any of the other transition metals

Front 35

lanthanides

Back 35

the sixth period inner transition metals that have similar physical and chemical properties and are mixed together in the same location. Used in LED monitors

Front 36

actinides

Back 36

The seventh period inner transition metals. They have similar properties and are not easily purifies.

Front 37

Breathing is similar to what the car does when you run it because both are forms of...

Back 37

combustion

Front 38

The number one issue of today is...

Back 38

energy use

Front 39

Why is tap water better than bottled water?

Back 39

Tap water is continually tested and water bottles use petroleum

Front 40

What causes terrorism?

Back 40

Explosions, which are small amounts of liquid/solid matter that turns into a gaseous state in a few milliseconds

Front 41

atom

Back 41

smallest particle that can exist and still be an element

Front 42

compound

Back 42

matter that is made of one atom and usually more than 1 type of atom

Front 43

element

Back 43

smallest particle of matter that cannot be subdivided and still maintain its properties

Front 44

examples of pure diatomic elements

Back 44

oxygen, nitrogen, bromine, chlorine

Front 45

Classify Air

Back 45

homogeneous mixture solution

Front 46

Is coke+mentos a chemical or physical change?

Back 46

chemical change (release of gas)

Front 47

What are the chemical change indicators?

Back 47

1. color change
2. heat
3. explosion/expansion
4. smell

Front 48

What type of properties are exhibited when sugar mixes with water?

Back 48

physical properties

Front 49

mega

Back 49

1 million X unit

Front 50

kilo

Back 50

1000 x unit

Front 51

deci

Back 51

1/10 x unit

Front 52

centi

Back 52

1/100 x unit

Front 53

milli

Back 53

1/1000 x unit

Front 54

micro

Back 54

1/1,000,000 x unit

Front 55

nano

Back 55

1 billionth x unit

Front 56

1 kg = ? lbs

Back 56

2.025 lb

Front 57

1 lb = ? g

Back 57

453.6 g

Front 58

1 inch = ? cm

Back 58

453.6 cm

Front 59

1 m = ? in

Back 59

39.37 in

Front 60

1.609 km = ? miles

Back 60

1 mile

Front 61

1 gal = ? L

Back 61

3.785 L

Front 62

1 L = ? qt

Back 62

1.057 qt

Front 63

Fahrenheit to Celsius formula

Back 63

C = 5/9 (F-32)

Front 64

Celsius to Fahrenheit formula

Back 64

F = 9/5 (C+32

Front 65

1 cm = ? in

Back 65

0.3937 inch

Front 66

1 L = ? qt

Back 66

1.057 qt

Front 67

1 km = ? mi

Back 67

.62137miles

Front 68

density of copper

Back 68

8.92 g/cm^3

Front 69

density=

Back 69

mass/volume

Front 70

mass=

Back 70

volume*density

Front 71

Classify the following:

aluminum

Back 71

pure element

Front 72

classify the following:

apple juice

Back 72

homogeneous mixture

Front 73

classify the following:

hydorgen peroxide

Back 73

pure compound

Front 74

chicken soup

Back 74

heterogeneous mixture

Front 75

classify the property:

colorless

Back 75

physical property

Front 76

classify the property:

flammable

Back 76

chemical property

Front 77

classify the property:

liquid at room temperature

Back 77

physical property

Front 78

classify the property:

density = 0.79 g/mL

Back 78

physical property

Front 79

classify the property:

mixes with water

Back 79

physical property

Front 80

classify the change:

natural gas burns in the stove

Back 80

chemical change

Front 81

classify the change:

The liquid propane in the gas grill evaporates because the user left the valve open

Back 81

physical change

Front 82

classify the change:

The liquid propane in a gas grill burns in a flame

Back 82

chemical change

Front 83

classify the change:

A bicycle frame rusts on repeated exposure to air and water

Back 83

chemical change

Front 84

What is the SI measure for heat?

Back 84

Joules

Front 85

What is the difference between temperature and heat?

Back 85

heat is the measure of energy where as temperature is the measure of the average molecular motion in a substance

Front 86

Why is there a minimum but not a maximum temperature?

Back 86

Temperature is determined by the rapid molecular motion of a substance, so it makes sense that the minimum would be when the molecules stopped moving. However, for the maximum the molecules can (theoretically) continually move

Front 87

scientific law

Back 87

any scientific hypothesis that has been tested over and over again and has not been contradicted

Front 88

law of mass conservation

Back 88

There is no detectable change in the total mass of materials when they react chemically to form new materials

Front 89

law of definite proportions

Back 89

elements combine in definite mass ratios to form compounds

Front 90

electron

Back 90

an extremely small negatively charged subatomic particle found outside the atomic nucleus

Front 91

Atomic nucleus

Back 91

the dense, positively charged center of every atom

Front 92

proton

Back 92

positively charged subatomic particle of the atomic nucleus

Front 93

atomic number

Back 93

a count of the number of protons in the atomic nucleus

Front 94

neutron

Back 94

an electrically neutral subatomic particle of the atomic nucleus

Front 95

nucleon

Back 95

any subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus

Front 96

isotope

Back 96

any member of a set of atoms of the same element whose nuclei contain the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons

Front 97

mass number

Back 97

the number of nucleons (protons and neutrons) found in the nucleus. Used primarily to identify isotopes

Front 98

atomic mass

Back 98

The mass of an element's atoms listed in the periodic table as an average value based on the relative abundance of the elements isotopes.

Front 99

In what ways is Aristotle's erroneous model of matter a remarkable achievement?

Back 99

Aristotle's model was able to explain nature in a way that made sense to the people of his time

Front 100

According to Aristotle's model, how is clay converted to ceramic?

Back 100

Clay is converted to ceramic because the heat of the fire drove out the moist quality of the wet clay and replaced it with he dry quality of the ceramic

Front 101

How did chemistry benefit from alchemy?

Back 101

alchemists learned much about the behavior of many chemicals and developed many laboratory techniques

Front 102

Who is known as the "modern father of Chemistry"?

Back 102

Antioine Lavoisier