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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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electrons shared by more than two atoms
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delocalized electrons
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a colorless, crystalline, solid form of carbon
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diamond
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dark colored solids made of spherically networked carbon-atom cages
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fullerenes
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a soft, black, crystalline form of carbon that is a fair conductor of electricity
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graphite
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the covalent binding of an element to itself to form chains or rings
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catenation
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isomers in which the order of atom bonding is the same but the arrangement of atoms in space is different
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geometric isomers
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the simplest of organic compounds, composed of only carbon and hydrogen
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hydrocarbons
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compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structures
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isomers
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covalently bonded compounds containing carbon, excluding carbonates and oxides
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organic compounds
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indicates the number and types of atoms present in a molecule and also shows the bonding arrangement of the atoms
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structural formula
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isomers in which the atoms are bonded together in different orders
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structural isomers
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hydrocarbons that contain only single bonds
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alkanes
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groups of atoms that are formed when one hydrogen atom is removed from an alkane molecule
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alkyl groups
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alkanes in which the carbon atoms are arranged in a ring, or cyclic, structure
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cycloalkanes
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components of a mixture are separated on the basis of boiling point, by condensation of vapor in a fractionating column
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fractional distillation
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a series in which adjacent members differ by a constant unit
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homologous series
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a fossil fuel composed primarily of alkanes containing one to four carbon atoms
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natural gas
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a measure of a fuel's burning efficiency and its antiknock properties
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octane rating
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a complex mixture of different hydrocarbons that varies greatly in composition
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petroleum
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hydrocarbons in which each carbon atom in the molecule forms four single covalent bonds with other atoms
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saturated hydrocarbons
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hydrocarbons that contain double covalent bonds
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alkenes
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hydrocarbons with triple covalent bonds
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alkynes
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hydrocarbons with six-membered carbon rings and delocalized electrons
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aromatic hydrocarbons
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the primary aromatic hydrocarbon
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benzene
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hydrocarbons in which not all carbon atoms have four single covalent bonds
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unsaturated hydrocarbons
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organic compounds that contain one or more hydroxyl groups
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alcohols
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organic compounds in which one or more halogen atoms - fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine - are substituted for one or more hydrogen atoms in a hydrocarbon
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alkyl halides
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organic compounds in which two hydrocarbon groups are bonded to the same atom of oxygen
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ethers
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an atom or group of atoms that is responsible for the specific properties of an organic compound
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functional group
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organic compounds in which the carbonyl group is attached to a carbon atom at the end of a carbon-atom chain
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aldehydes
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organic compounds that can be considered to be a derivation of ammonia, NH3
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amines
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organic compounds that contain the carboxyl functional group
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carboxylic acids
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organic compounds with carboxylic acid groups in which the hydrogen of the hydroxyl group has been replaced by an alkyl group
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esters
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organic compounds in which the carbonyl group is attached to carbon atoms within the chain
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ketones
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one hydrogen atom of an ammonia molecule has been replaced by an alkyl group
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primary amine
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two hydrogen atoms of an ammonia molecule have been replaced by alkyl groups
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secondary amine
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all three hydrogen atoms of an ammonia molecule have been replaced by alkyl groups
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tertiary amine
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