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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Convert g to kg |
1 kg = 1,000g |
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Convert m to mm |
1 m = 1,000 mm |
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Convert microseconds to seconds |
1 s = 1,000,000 microseconds |
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Absolute Zero |
coldest possible temperature; when molecules cease to vibrate -273.15 C -459.67 F 0 K |
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Significant Figures |
the digits that are certain, along with one uncertain digit |
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Liquid |
particles of matter are very close together, although they are still able to move about |
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Atom |
the smallest particles |
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Kinetic Energy |
the energy possessed by matter due to its motion |
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Thermodynamics |
study of the flow of energy |
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Nucleus |
the atom's dense central core |
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Electrons |
small subatomic particles that orbit the nucleus quadrillions of times each second in unpredictable patterns |
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Atomic Number |
the number of protons in the nucleus that determines the identity of an element |
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Charged Ions |
ion containing more protons or electrons that the other |
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Cation |
positively charged ion |
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Anion |
negatively charged ion |
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Naming Molecular Compounds |
non-metal and non-metal; using prefixes (i.e. mono- and di-) with -ide at the end of the anion |
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Naming Ionic Compounds |
metal and non-metal |
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Calculating Molecular Mass |
the sum of the atomic masses, in atomic mass units (u) [i.e. N2O5 -> 2 x 14.01 u + 5 x 16.00 u = 108.02 u] |
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Avogadro's Number |
6.022 x 10^23 |
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Calculating Molar Mass |
the mass in grams of one more of that substance |
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Identifying four classes of reactions |
1. combination (A + B --> AB) 2. decomposition (AB --> A + B) 3. single displacement (A + BC --> AB + C) 4. double displacement (AB + CD --> AC + BD) ` |
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Kinetic-molecular Theory |
1. gas molecules are in constant, rapid motion 2. gas molecules undergo elastic collisions 3. kinetic energy of gas molecules is directly related to temperature |
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Pressure |
a force (a "push") per unit area |
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Barometer |
measures pressure exerted by the collisions of gas molecules (pressure) |
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Standard Pressure |
1 atm or 760 torr |
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Units of pressure |
mmHg torr Pa bar kPa mbar lb/in^3 (psi) |
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Manometer |
measures gas pressure (open-end and close-end manometer) |
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Calculation for Boyle's Law |
V = k x 1/P or PV = k |
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Calculation for Charles's Law |
Vi x Tf = Vf x Ti or Vf = Vi (Tf/Ti) |
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Kelvin (K) |
the temperature must be in this scale when calculating gas laws |
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Calculation for combined gas laws |
PiViTf = PfVfTi |
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Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP) |
0 Celsius (273.15 K) and 1 atm or 760 torr |
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Ideal Gas |
gas which adhered exactly to the gas laws |
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Molar Volume (L) |
22.4 L |
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Laws the Ideal Gas Equation Combine |
Boyle's Law Charles's Law Avogadro's Law |
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Calculation for Graham's Law of Diffusion |
rate of diffusion = 1 ____________
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