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72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is matter?
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Anything that has mass and takes up space
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Name four things that are not matter.
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Light, heat, sound, and energy
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What is mass?
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The amount of matter in an object, is constant throughout the universe
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What is weight?
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The force of gravity on matter, changes depending on location
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What is chemistry?
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the study of the composition of matter and the changes it undergoes
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What are the five branches of chemistry?
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1. Organic Chemistry
2. Inorganic Chemistry 3. Biochemistry 4. Physical Chemistry 5. Analytical Chemistry |
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What is organic chemistry?
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The study of all chemicals containing carbon
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What is inorganic chemistry?
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The study of chemicals that, in general, do not contain carbon
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What is biochemistry?
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The study of the processes that take place in organisms
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What is physical chemistry?
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The area that deals with the mechanism, the rate, and the energy transfer that occurs when matter undergoes a change
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What is analytical chemistry?
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The area of study that focuses on the composition of matter
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What is pure chemistry?
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The pursuit of chemical knowledge for its own sake
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What is applied chemistry?
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Research that is directed toward a practical goal or application
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What did Antoine Lavoisier do?
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He helped make chemistry a science of measurements rather than just observations.
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What is the scientific method?
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The practical approach to problem solving.
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What are the steps of the scientific method?
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1. State problem
2. Make observations using the 5 senses 3. Hypothesis 4. Experiment 5. Analyze data 6. Conclusion |
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What is a hypothesis?
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A educated guess
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What is an experiment?
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A test of the hypothesis
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What is a theory?
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A well tested explanation for a broad set of observations
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Can a theory be proven?
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No
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What is a scientific law?
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A concise statement that summarizes many observations and experiment. It is not an explanation and is often explained mathmatically.
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What are extensive properties?
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Properties that depend on the amount of matter present (ex: mass, volume, weight, etc.)
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What are intensive properties?
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Properties that depend on the types of matter, not the amount (ex: hardness, color, flammability, etc.)
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What is a substance?
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Any matter with uniform and definite composition
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What are the two types of substances?
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Elements and Compounds
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What is an element?
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The simplest form of matter
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How many atoms are in an element?
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One
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How many elements are currently known?
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119
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What is a compound?
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Two or more elements chemically combined; the ration is unique for a compound
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What is a physical property?
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A quality or condition of a substance that can be observed or measured (ex: color, height, length, state of matter, temperature, malleability, mass, volume, etc.)
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What is a chemical property?
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The ability of a substance to undergo chemical change and produce something new (ex: flammability, fermenting, explosiveness, etc.)
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What is vapor?
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Solids or liquids at room temperature that have changed into a gas (ex: steam, solid air freshener, etc.)
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What is sublimation?
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Something going from a solid to a gas without turning into a liquid
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What is plasma?
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Super heated gas that breaks into charged particles
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What is a physical change?
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A change that does not affect composition (a change in appearance). Still the same material. Ex:tearing paper, cutting your hair, changes of state, etc.
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What is a chemical change?
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A change that produces matter with a new composition (ex: burning, digestion, fermentation, rotting, respiration, etc.)
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What is a mixture?
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A physical blend of two or more components (ex: pizza, salad, vegetable soup, Kool-Aid, soft drinks, tea, etc.)
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What are the two types of mixtures?
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Heterogeneous and Homogeneous
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What is a heterogeneous mixture?
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A mixture with composition that is not uniform throughout, it has multiple phases (ex: banana split, salads, etc.)
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What is a homogeneous mixture?
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A mixture with composition that is uniform, it has only one phase but multiple materials. AKA a solution. Ex: tea, Kool-Aid, soft drinks, etc.
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What is a phase?
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A part of a mixture with its own set of properties
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What are the ways to separate a mixture?
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1. Inspection
2. Filtration 3. Magnetism 4. Distillation |
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What is inspection?
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Picking apart a mixture based on some feature
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What is filtration?
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Separation of a solid from a liquid (ex: cooking pasta, coffee, etc.)
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What is distillation?
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When a liquid is heated to produce a vapor which is then condensed into a liquid
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What is distillation based on?
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Boiling points
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Properties used to describe matter can be classified as .......... or ..........
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Extensive
Intensive |
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The ....... of and object is a measure of the amount of matter the object contains.
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Mass
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The ....... of an object is a measure of the space occupied by the object.
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Volume
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An extensive property is on that depends on the ....... of the matter.
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Amount
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An intensive property is one that depends on the ....... of matter.
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Type
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A ....... is matter that has uniform and definite composition.
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Substance
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A solid has a definite ....... and ........
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Shape
Volume |
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A liquid has a definite volume, but takes the ....... of its container.
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Shape
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A ....... takes on both the shape and volume of its container.
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Gas
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Matter is anything that has ....... and occupies ........
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Mass
Space |
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Chemistry is the study of the ..... of matter and the ....... that matter undergoes.
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Composition
Changes |
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Chemistry had traditionally been divided into ........ areas of study.
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Five
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Organic chemistry is the study of chemicals that contain ........, while inorganic chemistry is primarily the study of chemicals that do not contain ........
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Carbon
Carbon |
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Biochemistry is the study of the processes that take place in .........
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Organisms
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......... is focused on the composition of matter, while ....... deals with the mechanism, the rate, and the .......... that occurs when matter undergoes a change.
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Analytical Chemistry
Physical Chemistry Energy transfer |
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A chemist is likely to be working in .......... areas of chemistry at the same time.
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Multiple
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Before there were chemist, ........ were studying matter.
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Alchemist
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They developed ........ and ........ for working with chemicals.
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Tools
Techniques |
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Lavoisier helped make chemistry a science of .........
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Measurement
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A logical, ........ approach is the best way to solve a difficult problem.
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Systematic
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One logical approach to solving scientific problems is the ........
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Scientific Method
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This method may begin with an observation, followed by ......., or a proposed explanation for what is observed.
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A hypothesis
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You can conduct an ........ to test a hypothesis.
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Experiment
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If a hypothesis meets the test of repeated experimentation, it may become a ........., which is a well-tested explanation for a broad set of observations.
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Theory
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A .......... is a concise statement that summarizes the results of many observations and experiments.
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Scientific Law
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What two processes practiced by scientist increase the likelihood of a successful outcome in science?
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Collaboration and Communication
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