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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Do the properties of an element change when it combines with another element to form a compound? Explain.
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Yes; when elements combine with other elements, a compound is created. Each compound is unique and contains properties different from those of the elements that compose it.
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How would the world be different if elements did not combine to form compounds?
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Life could not exist with just 91 different elements if they did not combine to form compounds. It takes compounds in all of their diversity to make living organisms.
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What is the law of constant composition? Who discovered it?
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All samples of a given compound have the same proportions of their constituent elements. This was discovered by Joseph Proust.
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What is a chemical formula? give some examples.
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H2Ois an example. A chemical formula indicates the elements present in the compound and the relative number of atoms of each. NaCl chem. form for table salt.
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In a chemical formula which elment is listed first?
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The more metallic element is usually listed first.
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In a chemical formula how do you calculate the number of atoms of an element within parenthesis?
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To determine the total number of each type of atom within the parentheses multiply the subscript outside the parentheses by the subscript for each atom inside the parentheses.
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What is the difference between a molecular element and an atomic element? List the elements that occur as diatomic molecules.
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An atomic element is one that exists in nature with a single atom as the basic unit. A molecular element is one that exists as a diatomic molecule as the basic unit. Molecular elements are H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, and I2
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What is the difference between an ionic compound and a molecular compound.
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Molecular compounds are compounds with 2 or more nonmetals. An ionic compound is a compound that forms when a metal and one or more nonmetals combine.
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What is the difference between a common name for a compound and a systematic name?
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The systematic name can be directly derived by looking at the compound's formula. The common name for a compound acts like a nickname and can only be learned through familiarity.
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List the metals that form Type I ionic compounds. What are the group numbers of these metals?
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Metal Group Number
Lithium 1A Sodium 1A Potassium 1A Rubidium 1A Cesium 1A Beryllium 2A Magnesium 2A Calcium 2A Strontium 2A Barium 2A Aluminum 3A Zink Silver |
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Find the block in the periodic table of elements that tend to form Type II ionic compounds. what is the name of this block?
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The block that contains the elements for Type II compounds is known as the transition metals.
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What is the basic form for the names of Type I binary ionic compounds?
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Name of metal base of nonmetal plus -ide. Examples: NaCl sodium chloride. MgO Magnesium Oxide.
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What is the basic form for the names of Type II ionic compounds?
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the basic names of Type II ionic compounds is to have the name of the metal cation first, followed by the charge of the metal cation (in parentheses, using Roman numerals), and finally the base name of the nonmetal anion with -ide attached to the end. Example: Cr2+ Chromium (II) FeCl3 3+ Iron (III) chloride.
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Why are numbers neded in the names of Type II ionic compounds?
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Because the total charge of the compound has to remain neutral.
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How are compounds containing a polyatomic ion named?
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Polyatomic ions have to be recognized so study the flashcards on polyatomic ions.
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What is the basic form for the names of molecular compounds?
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The form for naming molecular compounds is to have the first element preceded by a prefix to indicate the number of atoms present. This is then followed by the second element with its corresponding prefix and -ide placed on the end of the second element.
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how many atoms does each prefix specify? And what are the prefixes?
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Mono-1
Di-2 tri-3 tetra-4 penta-5 Hexa-6 |
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What is the basic form for the names of binary acids?
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to correctly name a binary acid, one must begin the first word with hydro-, which is followed by the base name of the nonmetal plus -ic added on the end. Finally, the word acid follows the first word. Example HCl hydrocloric acid.
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binary acid composed of
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H+ dissolved in water. Usually hydrogen is written first. Characterized by their sour taste and ability to dissolve some metals.
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What is the basic form for the name of oxyacids whose oxyanions end with -ate?
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Oxyacids are those derived from polyatomic ions. if it ends in ate you do the base name of the oxyanion with ic plus acid. Example: nitric acid.
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What is the basic form for the name of the oxyacids whose oxyanions end with ite?
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Base name of oxyanion + ous and add acid at teh end. Example H2SO3 sulfurous acid.
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Acid
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Acids are molecular compounds that form H+ ions when dissolved in water. They are composed of hydrogen, usually written first in their formula, and one or more nonmetals written second.
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Atomic elements
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Those that exist in nature with single atoms as their base units. Most elements fall into this category.
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Binary acids
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Contain only hydrogen and a nonmetal.
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binary compounds
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Iron (III) chloride
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Formula unit
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The smallest electrically neutral collection of ions. They do not exist as discrete entities but, rather as part of a larger lattice.
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ionic compounds
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One metal and one or more nonmetals.
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Molecular compound
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Compounds formed from 2 or more nonmetals.
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Molecular element
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Do not normally exist in nature with single atoms as their basic unit. Instead they exist as diatomic molecules--two atoms of that element bonded together as their basic units.
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Oxyacids
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Acids derived from oxyanions found in the table of polyatomic ions. Example HNO3 is derived from nitrate NO3
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Oxyanions
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Anions that contain oxygen.
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