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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Solution
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homogeneous mixture of two or more substances.
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Solute
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the substance present in a smaller amount.
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Solvent
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the subtance present in a larger amount
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Aqueous Solution
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the solute initially is a liquid or a solid and the solvent is water.
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electrolyte
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substance that, when dissolved in water, results in a solution that can conduct electricity.
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nonelectrolyte
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does not conduct electricity when dissolved in water.
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hydration
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the process in which an ion is surrounded by water molecules arranged in a specific manner.
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Reversible reaction
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the reaction can occur in both directions.
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Preipitation Reaction
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results in the formation of an insoluble product, or precipitate.
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Precipitate
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an insoluble solid that separates from the solution
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Methathesis Reaction (double displacement reaction)
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a reaction that involves the exchange of parts between the two compounds
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solubility
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the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given quantity of solvent at a specific temperature.
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Molecular Equation
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the formulas of the compounds are written as though all species existed as molecular or whole units.
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Ionic Equation
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shows dissolved species as free ions.
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Spectator Ions
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ions that are not involved in the overall reaction.
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Net Ionic Equation
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shows only the species that actually take part in the reaction.
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Bronsted Acid
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Proton donor
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Bronsted Base
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Proton acceptor
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Hydronuim Ion
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Hydrated proton.
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Monoprotic Acids
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each unit of the acid yields one hydrogen ion upon ionization
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Diprotic Acid
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each unit of the acid gives up two H+ ions, in two seperate steps.
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Triprotic Acids
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yeild three H+ ions.
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Nuetralization Reaction
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a reaction between an acid and a base.
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Salt
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an ionic compound made up of a cation other than H+ and an anion other than OH- or O 2-
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Oxidation Reduction
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electron transfer reactions
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Half Reaction
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explocitly shows the electrons involved in a redox reacton
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Oxidation reactions
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half reaction that involves loss of electrons
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Reduction reactions
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half reaction that involves gain of electrons
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Reducing Agents
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donates elections to other elements
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Oxidizing agent
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accepts electrons from other element
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Oxidation number (Oxidation states)
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the number of charges thae ataom would have in a molecule ( or an ionic) if electrons were transferred completely.
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Combonation reaction
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a reaction in which two or more substances combine to form a single product.
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Decomposition Reaction
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the breakdown of a compound into two or more components.
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Combustion reactions
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a reaction in which a substance reacts with oxygen, usually with the release of a heat and light to produce a flame.
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Displacement Reactions
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an ion (or atom) in a compound is replaced by an ion (or atom) of another element.
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disproportionaltion reaction
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an element in one oxidation state is simultaneously oxidized and reduced.
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