Chemistry Chapter 1 And 2 Vocab

Front 1

chemistry

Back 1

the study of the composition, structure, and properties, of matter, the processes that matter undergoes, and the energy changes that accompany these processes.

Front 2

chemical

Back 2

any subsatnce that has a definite composition (ex: sucrose, carbon dioxide, water)

Front 3

basic research

Back 3

done to increase knowledge

Front 4

applied research

Back 4

done to solve a problem

Front 5

technological development

Back 5

improve quality of life

Front 6

mass

Back 6

a measure of the amount of matter

Front 7

matter

Back 7

anything that has mass and takes up space

Front 8

atom

Back 8

the smallest unit of an element that maintains the chemical identity of that element

Front 9

element

Back 9

a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler, stable substances and is made of one type of atom

Front 10

compound

Back 10

a substance that can e broken down into simpler stable substances. each compound is made from the atoms of two or more elements that are chemicaly bonded

Front 11

molecule

Back 11

the smallest unit of an element/compound that retains all of the properties of that element/compound

Front 12

properties

Back 12

characteristics that define an entire set of substances

Front 13

extensive properties

Back 13

depend on the amount of matter that is present

Front 14

intensive properties

Back 14

do not depend on the amount of matter present

Front 15

physical property

Back 15

a characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the indentity of a substance

Front 16

physical change

Back 16

a change in a substance that does not involve a change in the indentity of a substance

Front 17

change of state

Back 17

a physical change of a substance from one state to another

Front 18

solid state

Back 18

definite volume and definite shape. (packed tightly, fixed positions, strong attratcive forces, vibrate)

Front 19

liquid state

Back 19

definite volume but an indefinite shape (particles are close but they slide past each other, temporarily overcome forces)

Front 20

gas state

Back 20

no definite volume and no definite shape (move fast, great seperation, low attraction)

Front 21

plasma

Back 21

a high-temperature physical state of matter in which atoms lose most of their electrons (found in fluorescent bulbs)

Front 22

chemical property

Back 22

relates to a substance's ability to undergo changes that transform it into different substances

Front 23

chemical change/reaction

Back 23

a change in which one or more substances are converted into different substances

Front 24

reactants

Back 24

the substances that go into a chemical change

Front 25

products

Back 25

the substances that are formed by the chemical change

Front 26

mixture

Back 26

a blend of two or more kinds of matter, each of which retains its own identity and properties

Front 27

homogenous

Back 27

uniform in composition, also called solutions

Front 28

heterogeneous

Back 28

not unifrom throughout

Front 29

pure substance

Back 29

has a fixed composition and differs from a mixture b/c every sample has the same characteristic properties and the same composition

Front 30

groups/families

Back 30

vertical columns on the periodic table

Front 31

periods

Back 31

horizontal rows of the periodic table

Front 32

metal

Back 32

an element taht is a good conductor of heat and electricity (malleable, tensile, solid @ room temp.)

Front 33

nonmetal

Back 33

an element that is a poor conductor of heat and electricity (brittle, gas @ room temp.)

Front 34

metalloids

Back 34

an element that has some characteristics of metals and some of nonmetals

Front 35

noble gases

Back 35

elements in group 18 that have a very low reactivity

Front 36

Scientific Method

Back 36

a logical approach to solving problems by observing and collecting data, formulating hypotheses, testing hypotheses, and formulating theories that are supported by data

Front 37

qualititative

Back 37

descriptive

Front 38

quantitative

Back 38

numerical

Front 39

system

Back 39

a specific portion of matter in a given region of space that has been selected for study during an experiement or observation

Front 40

hypothesis

Back 40

a testable statement, usually in "if...then..."

Front 41

model

Back 41

an exlpanation of how phenomena occur and how data or events are related

Front 42

theory

Back 42

a broad generalization that explains a body of facts of phenomena

Front 43

quantity

Back 43

something that has magnitude, size, or amount

Front 44

volume

Back 44

the amount of space occupied by an object

Front 45

density

Back 45

ratio of mass to volume (D=m/v)

Front 46

conversion factor

Back 46

a ration dervived from the equality between two different untis that can be used to convert from one unti to the other

Front 47

dimensional analysis

Back 47

a mathmatical tehcnique that allows you to use untis to solve problems involving measurements

Front 48

accuracy

Back 48

refers to the closeness of measurements to the correct of accpeted value of the quantity measured

Front 49

precision

Back 49

refers to the closeness of a set of measurements of the same quantity made in the same way

Front 50

percentage error

Back 50

experimental value-accepted value/accepted value x 100

Front 51

significant figures

Back 51

all the digits of known certainty plus one uncertain one (rules with 0s)

Front 52

scientific notation

Back 52

numbers are written in the form M x 10 ^n

Front 53

directly proportional

Back 53

if dividing one by the other gives a constant value (y/x=k)

Front 54

inverse proportional

Back 54

their product is constant (xy=k)