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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Ozone Layer
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Earth's atmosphere, absorbs radiation
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What are the 5 layers of the Ozone?
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1. Troposphere
2. Stratosphere 3. Mesosphere 4. Thermosphere 5. Exosphere |
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Where and how is ozone formed?
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Where: upper stratosphere
How: oxygen + uv radiation |
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When was the ozone first identified and measured?
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In the late 1800s
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How does the ozone work?
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It follows global connection currents and forms over equator where UV is strongest
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How can the ozone be studied?
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1. balloons
2. satellites 3. rockets |
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Who was the first person to measure ozone levels?
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G.M.B. Dobson, stratosphere contained 300+ DU
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When was the British Antarctic Survey and what were the results?
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When: 1981-1983
Results: 160 DU, lowest during spring |
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How did Chlorofluorocarbons come about?
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Coolants used in the 1920s contained harmful ammonia, so CFC's were used as stable coolants
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Who invented Chlorofluorocarbons?
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Thomas Mudgley
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What did scientists notice in the 1970s?
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As the CFC concentration in the atmosphere increased, ozone concentration decreased
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What happens when chlorine combines with oxygen?
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Forms chlorine monoxide and oxygen gas
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Chemistry
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Study of matter and the changes it undergoes
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Matter
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Anything that has mass and takes up space
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Mass (constant)
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Measurement that reflects the amount of matter
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Weight (not constant)
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Measures amount of gravitational pull on matter. Less weight, farther from source of gravity
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Models
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Method to explain submicroscopic events
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What are the 5 branches of chemistry?
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1. Organic-carbon chemicals (plastics)
2. Inorganic-not organic (minerals) 3. Physical-behavior matter (reaction rates) 4. Analytical-composition matter (food nutrients) 5. Biochemistry-matter, living things (metabolism) |
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What are the 2 types of scientific research?
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1. Pure research
2. Applied research |
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Pure Research
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Gain knowledge for the sake of knowing
ex: first connection between ozone and CFCs (Molina/Rowland) |
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Applied Research
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Research done to solve a problem
ex: find replacement of CFC's that are now banned |
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What is an example of a chance discovery?
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1930-trying to synthesize artificial cellulose and silk fibers but DuPont created Nylon
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Technology
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Practical use of scientific information
ex: 1934-nylon first used to make toothbrush bristles |
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What are the 5 steps of the scientific method?
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1. observation
2. hypothesis 3. experiment 4. data 5. conclusion |
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What are the 2 types of data?
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1. qualitative (5 senses)
2. quantitative (numbers) |
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Hypothesis
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Tentative explanation for observations
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Experiment
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Set of controlled observations that test hypothesis
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Independent Variable vs. Dependent Variable
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Independent: cause, plans to change
Dependent: affect |
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Conclusion
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Judgement based on information collected
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Theory
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A broad principle of nature that has been supported by many experiments
ex: Molina/Rowland, CFCs & Ozone |
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Scientific Law
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Theory that has been tested without doubt over time
ex: Newton's Law of Gravity |
