Chemistry Chapers 6-8, 10

Front 1

Kinetic Molecular Theory

Back 1

1) gases consist of large numbers of molecules that are in continuous random motion

2)Combined volume of all the molecules of the gas is negligible relative to the total volume in which the gas is contained

3)Attractive and repulsive forces between gas molecules are negligible

4)Energy can be transferred between molecules during collisions but the average kinetic energy doesn't change with time as long as the temperature of the gas stays constant

5) Average kinetic energy of the molecules is proportional to the absolute temperature Ave

Front 2

Average

Back 2

temperature is related to their _______ kinetic

Front 3

different

Back 3

individual molecules can have ________ speeds of motion

Front 4

Ump

Back 4

most probable speed (most molecules are this fast)

Front 5

Uav

Back 5

average speed of the molecules

Front 6

Urms

Back 6

the root mean square speed, the one associated with their average kinetic energy

Front 7

Average Kinetic Energy

Back 7

At any given temperature, the ______ _____ _____ of molecules is the same

Front 8

same temperature

Back 8

1/2 m(Urms)^2 is the same for 2 gases at the ____ ____

Front 9

Greater

Back 9

if a gas has low mass, it's speed will be ________ than for a heavier molecule

Front 10

Effusion

Back 10

the escape of gas molecules through a tiny hole into an evacuated space

Front 11

Diffusion

Back 11

the speed of one substance throughout a space or a second substance

Front 12

Ideal- Gas equation

Back 12

in the real world, the behavior of gases only conforms to the _______ at relatively high temperature and low pressure

Front 13

same

different

same

Back 13

even the ___ gas will show wildly ______ behavior under high pressure at _____ temperatures

Front 14

high

low

Back 14

the assumptions made in the kinetic molecular model break down at _____ pressure and/ or _______ temperature

Front 15

ideal gas equation

Back 15

can be adjusted to take these deviations from ideal behavior into account

Front 16

van der waals equation

Back 16

corrected ideal gas equation

Front 17

pressure

Back 17

the _______ adjustment is due to the fact that molecules attract and repel each other

Front 18

volume

Back 18

the _________ adjustment is due to the fact that molecules occupy some space on their own

Front 19

Van der waals equation

Back 19

(p+ n^2a/v^2)(v-nb)=nrt

Front 20

Mendeleev and Meyer

Back 20

independently came to the same conclusion about how elements should be grouped

Front 21

chemical properties

Back 21

chemists mostly credit mendeleev because he also used __________ _______ to organize the table and predicted some missing elements and their expected properties including germanium

Front 22

Atomic Masses

Back 22

mendeleev's table was based on ________ ______; it was the most fundamental property of elements known at the time

Front 23

earnest rutherford

Back 23

about 35 years later, the nuclear atom was discovered by ____________

Front 24

Atomic Number experimentally

Back 24

mosley developed the concept of _________ _______ ______. the number of protons was considered the basis for the periodic property of elements

Front 25

periodicity

Back 25

the repetitive pattern of a property for elements based on atomic number

Front 26

periodicity

Back 26

the repetitive pattern of a property for elements based on atomic number

Front 27

valence electrons

nucleus

Back 27

many properties depend on attractions between ________ and ________

Front 28

attracted

repelled

Back 28

electrons are both ______ to the nucleus and ______ by other electrons

Front 29

electron

Back 29

the forces an ______ experiences depend on both factors

Front 30

effective nuclear charge

Back 30

Zeff= Z-S

Z=atomic number

s= core electrons around nucleus

Front 31

increases

decreases

Back 31

effective nuclear charge _____ across a period and _____ down a group

Front 32

nonbonding atomic radius or van der waals radius

Back 32

half of the shortest distance separating two nuclei during a collision of atoms

Front 33

decrease

increase

Back 33

bonding atomic radius tends to _______ from left to right across a period and _______ from top to bottom of a group

Front 34

nuclear charge

# of electrons

orbitals in which electrons reside

Back 34

ionic size depends on

Front 35

nuclear charge

# of electrons

orbitals in which electrons reside

Back 35

ionic size depends on

Front 36

smaller

Back 36

cations are ______ than their parent ions

Front 37

nuclear charge

# of electrons

orbitals in which electrons reside

Back 37

ionic size depends on

Front 38

smaller

Back 38

cations are ______ than their parent ions

Front 39

removed

reduced

Back 39

outermost electron is _______ and repulsiones between electrons are _______

Front 40

nuclear charge

# of electrons

orbitals in which electrons reside

Back 40

ionic size depends on

Front 41

smaller

Back 41

cations are ______ than their parent ions

Front 42

removed

reduced

Back 42

outermost electron is _______ and repulsiones between electrons are _______

Front 43

larger

Back 43

anions are _________ than their parent ions

Front 44

added

increased

Back 44

electrons are _____ and repulsiones between electrons are __________

Front 45

isoelectronic series

Back 45

in an _____________ ______ ions have the same number of electrons

Front 46

decreases

Back 46

iconic size _____ with an increasing nuclear charge