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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Atom |
The smallest particle of an element that retains its identity in a chemical reaction. |
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Dalton's Atomic Theory
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Dalton's formulated hypotheses and theories to explain his experiments.
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Electrons
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Negatively charged particles in an atom |
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Cathode Ray |
Glowing beam that traveled from cathode to anode
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Protons |
Positively charged subatomic particles |
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Neutrons |
Subatomic particles with no charge but with a mass nearly equal to protons |
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Nucleus |
Tiny central core of atom composed of protons and neutrons |
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Atomic Number |
Number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of that element |
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Mass Number |
Total number of protons and neutrons in an atom |
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Isotopes |
Atoms that have the same number of protons but different numbers of electrons |
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Atomic Mass Unit |
one twelfth of the mass of a carbon-12 atom |
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Atomic Mass |
Weighted average mass of the atoms in a naturally occurring sample of the element. |
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Periodic Table |
Arrangements of elements in which elements are separated into groups based on a set of repeating properties. |
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Period |
Each horizontal row of the periodic table |
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Group |
Each vertical column of the periodic table |
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Energy Levels |
Fixed energies an electron can have |
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Quantum of energy |
The amount of energy required to move an electron from one energy level to another energy level |
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Quantum Mechanical Model |
Modern description of electrons in atoms |
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Atomic Orbital |
A region of space in which there is a high probability of finding an electron |
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Electron Configuration |
The way in which electrons are arranged in various orbitals around the nuclei of atoms |
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Aufbau Principle |
Electrons occupy orbitals of the lowest energy first |
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Pauli Exclusion Principle |
An atomic orbital may describe at most two electrons, and to occupy the same orbital, two electrons must have opposite spins |
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Hund's Rule |
Electrons occupy orbitals of the same energy in a way that makes the number of electrons with the same spin direction as large as possible |
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Amplitude |
Wave's height from zero to the crest |
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Wavelength |
Distance between the crests |
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Frequency
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Number of wave cycles to pass a given point per unit of time |
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Hertz |
SI Unit of cycles per second |
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Electromagnetic Radiation |
Waves such as radio waves, microwaves, infrared waves, visible light, etc. |
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Spectrum |
Colors in the visible light |
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Atomic Emission Spectrum |
Frequencies of light emitted by an element separate into discrete lines |
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Ground state |
An electron with the lowest possible energy |
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Photons |
Light particles/quanta |
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Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle |
Impossible to know velocity and position of particle at the same time |
