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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Electrons available to be lost, gained, or shared when forming chemical compounds |
valence electrons |
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The energy required to remove one electron from a neutral atom of an element |
ionization energy |
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One-half the distance between the nuclei of identical atoms that are bonded together |
atomic radius |
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A form of energy that exhibits wavelike behavior as it travels through space |
electromagnetic radiation |
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All the forms of electromagnetic radiation |
electromagnetic spectrum |
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The distance between corresponding points on adjacent waves |
wavelength |
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The number of waves that pass a given point in a specific time, usually one second |
frequency |
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The emission of electrons from a metal when light shines on the metal |
photoelectric effect |
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A particle of electromagnetic radiation having zero rest mass and carrying a quantum of energy |
photon |
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The lowest energy state of an atom |
ground state |
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A state in which an atom has a higher potential energy than it has in its ground state |
excited state |
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A three-dimensional region around the nucleus that indicates the probable location of an electron |
orbital |
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It is impossible to determine simultaneously both the position and velocity of an electron or any other particle |
Heisenberg uncertainty principle |
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The arrangement of electrons in an atom |
electron configuration |
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An electron occupies the lowest-energy orbital that can receive it |
Aufbau principle |
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Proposed a model of the atom where electrons were in orbits at fixed distances from the nucleus of the atom |
Niels Bohr |
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Determined a way to measure the relative masses of different elements |
Stansilao Cannizzaro |
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Credited with the creation of the modern periodic table |
Dmitri Mendeleev |
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His work resulted in the organization of the periodic table being by atomic number rather than atomic mass |
Henry Moseley |
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The arrangement of the elements in order of their atomic numbers so that elements with similar properties fall in the same column, or group |
periodic table |
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The elements of Group 1 of the periodic table (lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, and francium) |
alkali metals |
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The elements of Group 2 of the periodic table (beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, and radium) |
alkaline-earth metals |
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The d-block elements are metals with typical metallic properties and are often referred to as |
transition metals |
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The elements of Group 17 (fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine) |
halogens |
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The elements of Group 18 of the periodic table (helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon) |
noble gases |
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An atom or group of bonded atoms that has a positive or negative charge |
ion |
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A measure of the ability of an atom in a chemical compound to attract electrons |
electronegativity |
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the energy change that occurs when an electron is acquired by a neutral atom |
electron affinity |
