Chemistry C2

Front 1

Acid

Back 1

Chemicals that can form hydrogen ions in water to give a solution of pH less than 7

Front 2

Activation Energy

Back 2

Minimum enerfy that particles must have to react

Front 3

Alkali

Back 3

Base that dissolves in water to form hydroxide ions and give a solution if pH greater than 7

Front 4

Alkali Metals

Back 4

Elements in group 1 of the periodic table

Front 5

Ammonia

Back 5

NH3, a compound used to make fertilisers

Front 6

Ammonium Salt

Back 6

Salts formed when ammonia solution reacts with acid

Front 7

Anhydrous

Back 7

Crystals that do not contain any water

Front 8

Atom

Back 8

Particle with no electric charge containing protons, neutrons and electrons. The smallest part of a chemical element

Front 9

Atomic Number

Back 9

Number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

Front 10

Burette

Back 10

Apparatus used to measure volumes of lipids

Front 11

Catalyst

Back 11

Sybstance that speeds up a chemical reaction, but is not itself used up

Front 12

Collision Theory

Back 12

Theory that all particles must collide with enough energy to react

Front 13

Combustion

Back 13

Burning a substance

Front 14

Compound

Back 14

Substance made from different elements chemically joined together

Front 15

Concentrated

Back 15

Large amount of solute dissolved in a solvent such as water

Front 16

Concentration

Back 16

Measure of how much solute is dissolved in a solvent such as water

Front 17

Covalent Bond

Back 17

A pair of electrons shared between two atoms

Front 18

Crystallisation

Back 18

Formation of crystals from a solution

Front 19

Dilute

Back 19

Small amounts of solute dissolved in a solvent such as water

Front 20

Electrolysis

Back 20

Decomposition of an ionic compound using electricity

Front 21

Electron

Back 21

A particle inside atoms with a negative electric charge

Front 22

Electrostatic Attraction

Back 22

The attraction between positive and negative electric charge

Front 23

Element

Back 23

Substance containing only one type of atom

Front 24

Empirical Formula

Back 24

Shows the simplest ratio of atoms of each element in a substance

Front 25

Endothermic

Back 25

Chemical reaction that takes in heat energy

Front 26

End Point

Back 26

The point in a titration where the acid and alkali have exactly reacted together

Front 27

Equilibrium

Back 27

Chemical reaction in which the forwards and backwards reactions occur at the same time

Front 28

Exothermic

Back 28

Chemical reaction that gives out heat energy

Front 29

Giant Covalent Structure

Back 29

Structure containing billions of atoms in a network linked together by covalent bonds (also called macromolecular)

Front 30

Giant Structure

Back 30

Regular, continuous structure of atoms or ions

Front 31

Haber Process

Back 31

Industrial process used to make ammonia

Front 32

Hydrated

Back 32

Crystals that contain water

Front 33

Hydrogen Ions

Back 33

H+ ions are formed when an acid dissolves in water

Front 34

Hydroxide Ions

Back 34

OH- ions found in all alkaline solutions

Front 35

Indicator

Back 35

Chemical that changes colour at the end point

Front 36

Inorganic Fertilisers

Back 36

Manufactured chemicals containing nitrogen, which are added to the soil to increase crop yield

Front 37

Intermolecular Forces

Back 37

Weak attractive forces between molecules

Front 38

Ion

Back 38

Electricly charged particle containing a different number of protons and electrons

Front 39

Ionic Bonding

Back 39

Attraction between positive and negative ions

When an atom or molecule gains or loses an electron

Front 40

Ionic Structure

Back 40

Substance made up of positive and negative ions

Front 41

Isotope

Back 41

Atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons (the same atomic number but a different mass number)

Front 42

Lattice

Back 42

A regular, continuous structure of atoms or ions

Front 43

Macromolecular Structure

Back 43

Giant covalent structure

(have very high melting points -a lot of strong covalent bonds must be broken)
e.g diamond/ graphite

Front 44

Mass Number

Back 44

Number of protons + the number of neutrons in an atom

Front 45

Metallic Bonding

Back 45

Attraction between positive metal ions and delocalised electrons

Front 46

Molecule

Back 46

Particle made of atoms joined to each other by covalent bonds

Front 47

Nanomaterials

Back 47

Substances made of particles that are between 1 and 100 nanomaterials in size

Front 48

Noble Gases

Back 48

Elements in group zero of the periodic table

Front 49

Oxidation

Back 49

Gain of oxygen (in terms of oxygen); loss of electrons (in terms of electrons)

Front 50

Percentage Yield

Back 50

Mass of product obtained from a reaction expressed as a percentage of the theoretical maximum mass

Front 51

Pipette

Back 51

Apparatus used to measure the exact volumes of liquid

Front 52

Precipitation Reaction

Back 52

Reaction in which two solutions mix and form an insolube salt

Front 53

Rate of Reaction

Back 53

Speed of a reaction expressed as the amount of reactant used up or amount of product formed over time

Front 54

Reduction

Back 54

Loss of oxygen (in terms of oxygen); Gain of electrons (in terms of electrons)

Front 55

Shell (chemistry)

Back 55

Orbit in which electrons move around the nucleus inside atoms (alkso called an energy level)

Front 56

Simple Molecular Structure

Back 56

Substance made up of lots of seperate molecules

Front 57

Smart Materials

Back 57

Materials which have one or more properties that change in different conditions

Front 58

Solute

Back 58

Solid that dissolves in a solvent to make a solution

Front 59

Solution

Back 59

Solute dissolved in as liquid such as water

Front 60

Strong Acid

Back 60

Acid which forms lots of hydrogen ions when added to water

Front 61

Strong Alkali

Back 61

Alkali which forms lots of hydroxide ions when added to water

Front 62

Thermal Decomposition

Back 62

Splitting up a compound by the action of heat

Front 63

Titration

Back 63

Method of finding volumes of solutions that just react together

Front 64

Weak Acid

Back 64

Acid that does not form many H+ ions in water

Front 65

Weak Alkali

Back 65

Alkali that does not form many OH- ions in water