Chemistry C2

Front 1

Acid

Back 1

Chemicals that can form hydrogen ions in water to give a solution of pH less than 7

Front 2

Activation Energy

Back 2

Minimum enerfy that particles must have to react

Front 3

Alkali

Back 3

Base that dissolves in water to form hydroxide ions and give a solution if pH greater than 7

Front 4

Alkali Metals

Back 4

Elements in group 1 of the periodic table

Front 5

Ammonia

Back 5

NH3, a compound used to make fertilisers

Front 6

Ammonium Salt

Back 6

Salts formed when ammonia solution reacts with acid

Front 7

Anhydrous

Back 7

Crystals that do not contain any water

Front 8

Atom

Back 8

Particle with no electric charge containing protons, neutrons and electrons. The smallest part of a chemical element

Front 9

Atom Economy (atom utilisation)

Back 9

The percentage of the mass of the products of the reaction that is the desired product

Front 10

Atomic Number

Back 10

Number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

Front 11

Backwards Reaction

Back 11

The reverse of a chemical reaction as shown by the symbol equation

Front 12

Base (chemistry)

Back 12

Substance that reacts with an acid

Front 13

Burette

Back 13

Apparatus used to measure volumes of lipids

Front 14

Catalyst

Back 14

Sybstance that speeds up a chemical reaction, but is not itself used up

Front 15

Collision Theory

Back 15

Theory that all particles must collide with enough energy to react

Front 16

Combustion

Back 16

Burning a substance

Front 17

Compound

Back 17

Substance made from different elements chemically joined together

Front 18

Concentrated

Back 18

Large amount of solute dissolved in a solvent such as water

Front 19

Concentration

Back 19

Measure of how much solute is dissolved in a solvent such as water

Front 20

Covalent Bond

Back 20

A pair of electrons shared between two atoms

Front 21

Crystallisation

Back 21

Formation of crystals from a solution

Front 22

Dilute

Back 22

Small amounts of solute dissolved in a solvent such as water

Front 23

Dynamic Equilibrium

Back 23

Equilibrium wherethe forward reaction and backwards reaction are both occuring at the same rate

Front 24

Electrlysis

Back 24

Decomposition of an ionic compound using electricity

Front 25

Electron

Back 25

A particle inside atoms with a negative electric charge

Front 26

Electrostatic Attraction

Back 26

The attraction between positive and negative electric charge

Front 27

Element

Back 27

Substance containing only one type of atom

Front 28

Empirical Formula

Back 28

Shows the simplest ratio of atoms of each element in a substance

Front 29

Endothermic

Back 29

Chemical reaction that takes in heat energy

Front 30

End Point

Back 30

The point in a titration where the acid and alkali have exactly reacted together

Front 31

Energy Level

Back 31

Orbit in which electrons electrons move around the nucleus inside atoms (aso called a shell)

Front 32

Equilibrium

Back 32

Chemical reaction in which the forwards and backwards reactions occur at the same time

Front 33

Exothermic

Back 33

Chemical reaction that gives out heat energy

Front 34

Forward Reaction

Back 34

Chemical reaction as shown by the symbol equation

Front 35

Giant Covalent Structure

Back 35

Structure containing billions of atoms in a network linked together by covalent bonds (also called macromolecular)

Front 36

Giant Structure

Back 36

Regular, continuous structure of atoms or ions

Front 37

Haber Process

Back 37

Industrial process used to make ammonia

Front 38

Half Equation

Back 38

Blanced equation showing what happens at an electrode during electrolysis

Front 39

Halogens

Back 39

Elements in Group of the periodic table

Front 40

Hydrated

Back 40

Crystals that contain water

Front 41

Hydrogen Ions

Back 41

H+ ions are formed when an acid dissolves in water

Front 42

Hydroxide Ions

Back 42

OH- ions found in all alkaline solutions

Front 43

Indicator

Back 43

Chemical that changes colour at the end point

Front 44

Inorganic Fertilisers

Back 44

Manufactured chemicals containing nitrogen, which are added to the soil to increase crop yield

Front 45

Insoluble

Back 45

Substance that does not dissolve in a liquid such as water

Front 46

Intermolecular Forces

Back 46

Weak attractive forces between molecules

Front 47

Ion

Back 47

Electricly charged particle containing a different number of protons and electrons

Front 48

Ionic Bonding

Back 48

Attraction between positive and negative ions

Front 49

Ionic Compound

Back 49

Substance made up from positive and negative ions

Front 50

Ionic Equation

Back 50

Equation that shows what happens to the ions in a reaction

Front 51

Ionic Structure

Back 51

Substance made up of positive and negative ions

Front 52

Isotope

Back 52

Atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons (the same atomic number but a different mass number)

Front 53

Lattice

Back 53

A regular, continuous structure of atoms or ions

Front 54

Macromolecular Structure

Back 54

Giant covalent structure

Front 55

Mass Number

Back 55

Number of protons + the number of neutrons in an atom

Front 56

Metallic

Back 56

Substance that is a metal

Front 57

Metallic Bonding

Back 57

Attraction between positive metal ions and delocalised electrons

Front 58

Molar Volume

Back 58

Volume of 1 mole of gas at room temperature and pressure. It is 24 dm3

Front 59

Mole

Back 59

620 204 500 000 000 000 000 000 of anything

Front 60

Molecular Formula

Back 60

Shows the number of atoms of each element in one molecule

Front 61

Molecule

Back 61

Particle made of atoms joined to each other by covalent bonds

Front 62

Monatomic

Back 62

Subtance made up of lots of individual atoms

Front 63

Nanomaterials

Back 63

Substances made of particles that are between 1 and 100 nanomaterials in size

Front 64

Nanoparticles

Back 64

Particles that are between 1 and 100 nm in size

Front 65

Nanoscience

Back 65

The study of structures that are between 1 and 100 nm in size

Front 66

Neutralisation

Back 66

Reaction of an acid with a base

Front 67

Neutron

Back 67

A particle inside the nucleus of an atom with no electric charge

Front 68

Noble Gases

Back 68

Elements in group zero of the periodic table

Front 69

Nucleus (chemistry)

Back 69

The centre of an atom containing protons and neutrons

Front 70

Oxidation

Back 70

Gain of oxygen (in terms of oxygen); loss of electrons (in terms of electrons)

Front 71

Percentage Yield

Back 71

Mass of product obtained from a reaction expressed as a percentage of the theoretical maximum mass

Front 72

pH Scale

Back 72

Scale used to measure the strength of acids and alkalis

Front 73

Pipette

Back 73

Apparatus used to measure the exact volumes of liquid

Front 74

Precipitation Reaction

Back 74

Reaction in which two solutions mix and form an insolube salt

Front 75

Products

Back 75

Substances formed during a chemical reaction

Front 76

Proton

Back 76

A particle with a positive charge found in the nucleus of an atom

Front 77

Proton Number

Back 77

Number of protons in an atom (atomic number)

Front 78

Rate of Reaction

Back 78

Speed of a reaction expressed as the amount of reactant used up or amount of product formed over time

Front 79

Reactants

Back 79

Substances that react together in a chemical reaction

Front 80

Reduction

Back 80

Loss of oxygen (in terms of oxygen); Gain of electrons (in terms of electrons)

Front 81

Relative Atomic Mass (Ar)

Back 81

Average mass of an atom relative to 1/12 in the mass of a 12C atom

Front 82

Relative Formula Mass (Mr)

Back 82

Some of all the relative atomic masses of the atoms in a formula, the average mass of all the atoms in a formula relative to 1/12 of the mass of a 12C atom

Front 83

Relative Mass

Back 83

Mass of a particle relative to 1/12 the mass of a 12C atom

Front 84

Reversible Reaction

Back 84

Chemical reaction that can go in either direction

Front 85

Shell (chemistry)

Back 85

Orbit in which electrons move around the nucleus inside atoms (alkso called an energy level)

Front 86

Simple Molecular Structure

Back 86

Substance made up of lots of seperate molecules

Front 87

Smart Materials

Back 87

Materials which have one or more properties that change in different conditions

Front 88

Soluble

Back 88

Substance that dissolves in a liquid such as water

Front 89

Solute

Back 89

Solid that dissolves in a solvent to make a solution

Front 90

Solution

Back 90

Solute dissolved in as liquid such as water

Front 91

Specific (about a catalyst)

Back 91

The fact that most catalysts work for one reaction only

Front 92

Strong Acid

Back 92

Acid which forms lots of hydrogen ions when added to water

Front 93

Strong Alkali

Back 93

Alkali which forms lots of hydroxide ions when added to water

Front 94

Thermal Decomposition

Back 94

Splitting up a compound by the action of heat

Front 95

Titration

Back 95

Method of finding volumes of solutions that just react together

Front 96

Weak Acid

Back 96

Acid that does not form many H+ ions in water

Front 97

Weak Alkali

Back 97

Alkali that does not form many OH- ions in water

Front 98

Yield (chemistry)

Back 98

Mass of a substance made in a chemical reaction