Chemistry And The Cell

Front 1

What is the organization of living matter?

Back 1

cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism

Front 2

What is the smallest living entity?

Back 2

cell

Front 3

What are the 4 basic tissue types in the body?

Back 3

epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue

Front 4

What is all matter made up of with tiny partials?

Back 4

atom

Front 5

What are charged elements?

Back 5

ions

Front 6

What are molecules that contain carbon atoms and are found in living or once living things?

Back 6

organic molecules

Front 7

What molecules are made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, and is the most abundant biological molecule on earth, which include sugar, starch, and cellulose?

Back 7

carbohydrates

Front 8

What molecule is composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, but have less oxygen than carbohydrates do, are important building blocks in cell membranes?

Back 8

lipids

Front 9

What molecules contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen, and is the most abundant and diverse molecules in the body?

Back 9

proteins

Front 10

What molecules generally do not contain carbon atoms?

Back 10

inorganic molecules

Front 11

What is the smallest unit of life?

Back 11

the cell

Front 12

All cells share 3 structural features in common: what are they?

Back 12

1. a cell or plasma membrane that forms an outer envelope of the cell, 2. a nucleus that serves as the control or command center of the cell, 3. the cytoplasm, which is the watery fluid (cytosol) of the cell and the various organelles and cytoskeletal scaffolding dispersed in the fluid.

Front 13

What is the very thin membranous structure that bounds each cell?

Back 13

plasma membrane or cell membrane

Front 14

What are the 4 general functions of the cell membrane?

Back 14

1. mechanical barrier, 2. selective gate keeper, 3. chemical receptor sites, 4. identify self from non self for immune function.

Front 15

What is the largest single organized cellular component?

Back 15

nucleus

Front 16

What are the 2 nucleus functions?

Back 16

1. control center that directs protein synthesis, 2. location of DNA, that directs cell replication.

Front 17

What is the portion of the cell interior not occupied by the nucleus?

Back 17

cytoplasm

Front 18

What does the cytoplasm contain?

Back 18

highly organized structures -the organelles- dispersed within the cytosol; a complex gel like mass.

Front 19

What is the complex, gel like mass containing enzymes, ribosomes, transports vesicles, and various filaments and microtubules?

Back 19

Cytosol

Front 20

What is an elaborate fluid-filled membranous system distributed extensively throughout the cytosol that functions primarily as a protein - manufacturing factory?

Back 20

Endoplasmic reticulum

Front 21

What are the 2 distinct types of endoplasmic reticulum?

Back 21

the smooth ERIC and the rough ER

Front 22

What organelles specialize in modifying, packaging, and distributing proteins?

Back 22

Golgi complex

Front 23

What organelles are viewed as "the recycling centers" that break down old, damaged, or dead cell parts or extracellular materials that have been engulfed by the cell?

Back 23

Lysosomes

Front 24

What is the organelles that detoxify various toxic wastes produced within the cell?

Back 24

Peroxisomes

Front 25

What are the energy organelles or "power plants" of the cell?

Back 25

mitochondria

Front 26

What part of the cell moves material on the cell surface forward?

Back 26

cilia

Front 27

What is a single, long, whip - like appendage of the cell membrane?

Back 27

Flagella

Front 28

What part of the cell is very slender, long, hollow, unbranched tubes composed primarily of tubulin, they help the cell maintain its shape?

Back 28

Microtubules

Front 29

What are the 2 types of molecular movement across the cell membrane in a passive movement?

Back 29

1. Diffusion
2. Osmosis

Front 30

What is the movement of water molecules from an area of high concentration of water molecules to an area of low concentration of water molecules?

Back 30

Osmosis

Front 31

What is the 2 active movements of molecules across the cell membrane that requires the cells to expend energy?

Back 31

1. Carrier mediated transport
2. Vesicular transport- endocytosis/exocytosis

Front 32

What 2 molecular movements is this?

Back 32

1. Diffusion
2. Osmosis

Front 33

What active molecular movement is this?

Back 33

Carrier mediated transport

Front 34

What active molecular movement is this?

Back 34

Vesicular transport- endocytosis/exocytosis

Front 35

What energy is produced in cells?

Back 35

ATP

Front 36

What is the energy production cycle in the cytosol called?

Back 36

Glycolysis

Front 37

Where does glycolysis occur?

Back 37

Within the cytosol of the cell

Front 38

What energy production can occur without the presence of oxygen?

Back 38

Anaerobic energy

Front 39

How many ATP molecules are produced with glycolysis?

Back 39

Produces 2 ATP

Front 40

What are the 2 roles that glycolytic does?

Back 40

1. degrades glucose to produce ATP
2. it provides building blocks for the cell

Front 41

What energy production cycle takes place in the mitochondria?

Back 41

Tricarboxylic acid cycle or Kreb's cycle or Citric acid cycle

Front 42

How many ATP molecules are produced in the mitochondria?

Back 42

36 ATP

Front 43

Which energy production cycle requires oxygen to proceed?

Back 43

aerobic energy production

Front 44

What energy production cycle also serves as a source of building blocks for biosynthesis?

Back 44

Kreb's cycle