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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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sustanability
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meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs
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Triple Bottom Line
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measure of the success of a business based on benefits to the economy, to society , and the environment
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Mixture
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a physical combination of 2 or more pure substances present in variable amounts
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Percent
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Parts per hundred
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Respiration
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foods we eat metabolize and produce carbon dioxide and water
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Parts per million (ppm)
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a unit of concentration 10,000 times smaller than 1%
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Co
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Carbon Monoxide
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O3
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Ozone
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So2
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Sulfur dioxide
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NO2
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Nitrogen dioxide
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(PM)
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particular matter
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Risk assessment
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probabilities of an outcome
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Toxicity
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the health hazard of a substance
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Exposure
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the amount of the substance encountered (concentration, length of time, rate of breathing)
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Ambient air
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outside air
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Scientific notation
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the product of a number and 10 raised to the appropriate power
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Microgram
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a millionth of a gram 10 -6
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(ppb)
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Parts per billion
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Troposphere
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lower region of rhe atmosphere in which we live
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Green chemistry
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"benign by design"
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Megacities
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10 million people or more
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Element
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pure substances
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Compound
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a pure substance made up of 2 or more different elements in a fixed chemical combination
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Atoms
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the smallest unit of an element that can exist as a stable entity
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Molecule
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2 or more atoms held together by chemical bonds
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Hydrocarbons
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compounds made up only with hydrogen and carbon
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Combustion
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chemical process of burning ( fuel with oxygen = heat and light)
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Chemical reaction
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reactants = products
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Law of conservation of matter and mass
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in a chemical reaction matter and mass are conserved
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Aerosols
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liquid and solid particles that remain suspended in air
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Catalyst
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chemical substance that participates in a chemical reaction and influences its rate without undergoing permanent change
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volatile
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readily passes into vapor phase, evaporates easily
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organic compound
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always contains carbon almost always contains hydrogen
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volatile organic compound
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carbon containing compounds that pass easily into the vapor phase
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secondary pollutant
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produced from chemical reactions involving one or more other pollutants
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tragedy of the commons
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when a resource is common to all and used by many but has no one in particular responsible for it
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carcinogenic
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capable of causing cancer
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ozone layer
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a designated region in the stratosphere of maximum ozone concentration
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nucleus
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center of an atom composed of protons (+) and neutron (0)
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electron
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(-)
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Lewis structure
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a representation of an atom or molecule that shows its outer elections
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octet rule
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the fact that electrons in many molecules are arranged so that every atom (except hydrogen ) shares in eight electrons
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single covalent bond
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two electrons are shared between two atoms
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double bond
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a covalent bond consisting of two pairs (4) of shared electrons
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triple bond
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a covalent linkage made up of three pairs(6) of shared electrons
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wavelength
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the distance between successive peaks
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frequency
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the number of waves passing a fixed point in one second
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nanometer (nm)
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one billionth of a meter 10 -9
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electromagnetic spectrum
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a continuum of waves that range from short , high energy xrays and gamma rays to long, low energy radio waves
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