Chemistry 2

Front 1

In a polar covalent bond containing hydrogen, the hydrogen will have a slight

Because of this, the hydrogen will be attracted to

This interaction is called a

Back 1

positive charge because the bond electrons are pulled more strongly toward the other element.

any neighbouring negative charges.

hydrogen bond.

Front 2

Unlike hydrogen bonds, London dispersion forces can occur between

They depend on

HBs and LDFs are both examples of

A general term for intermolecular interactions that

Back 2

atoms or molecules of any kind.

temporary imbalances in electron distribution.

van der Waals forces.

do not involve covalent bonds or ions.

Front 3

Chemical reactions occur when

The substances that go into a chemical reaction are called the

The substances produced at the end of a chemical reaction are known as

Back 3

chemical bonds between atoms are formed or broken.

reactants.

products.

Front 4

Equations must be balanced to reflect

This states that

Back 4

the law of conservation of matter.

no atoms are created or destroyed over the course of a normal chemical reaction.

Front 5

Each reaction has its own characteristic equilibrium point, which we can describe with a number called the

What type of solution has a low H+ concentration?

Back 5

equilibrium constant.

a basic solution.

Front 6

What type of solution has a high H+ concentration?

Hydrogen ions are spontaneously generated in pure water by

This process is called

Back 6

an acidic solution.

the dissociation (ionization) of a percentage of water molecules.

autoionization.

Front 7

Dissociation makes equal numbers of

Autoionized water molecules are _ _ _ _ of the total molecules in any volume of pure water.

Back 7

hydrogen (H+) and hydroxide (OH-) ions.

a very tiny fraction

Front 8

What are hydrocarbons?

They make for good fuels because

Back 8

Organic molecules consisting entirely of carbon and hydrogen.

their covalent bonds store a lot of energy, which is released when the molecules are burned.

Front 9

Methane (CH4), the simplest hydrocarbon molecule, consists of

When a carbon is bonded to four other atoms, the molecule (or part of the molecule) will take on a

This happens because the electron pairs that make up the bonds

Back 9

a central carbon atom bonded to four hydrogen atoms.

tetrahedral shape similar to that of methane.

repel each other, and the shape that maximizes their distance from each other is a tetrahedron.

Front 10

Hydrocarbons come in many different structures.All of these types of structural differences influence

In the context of macromolecules (large biological molecules such as DNA, proteins, and carbohydrates), structural differences in the carbon skeleton

Back 10

the three-dimensional shape, or conformation, of a hydrocarbon molecule.

often affects how the molecule functions.