Chemistry 110 Rvc

Front 1

Chemistry is the study of matter

Back 1

its compositions, properties, and transformations

Front 2

Matter is

Back 2

anything that has mass and takes up volume

Front 3

Physical properties are those

Back 3

that can be observed or measured without changing the composition of the material

Front 4

Chemical properties are those

Back 4

that how a substance can be converted to another substance

Front 5

Pure substance

Back 5

is composed of a single component and has a constant composition, regardless of the sample size and the origin of the sample

Front 6

A Mixture

Back 6

is composed of more then one component. The composition of a mixture can vary depending on the sample

Front 7

An element

Back 7

is a pure substance that cannot be broken down into a simpler substances by a chemical reaction

Front 8

a compound

Back 8

is a pure substance formed by by chemically combining (joining together) two or more elements

Front 9

Every measurement

Back 9

is composed of a number and a unit

Front 10

Metric measurement Length

Back 10

Meter

Front 11

Metric Measurement Mass

Back 11

gram

Front 12

Metric Measurement Volume

Back 12

Liter

Front 13

Time

Back 13

Second

Front 14

Mega

Back 14

Million

Front 15

Kilo

Back 15

Thousand

Front 16

deci

Back 16

tenth

Front 17

Centi

Back 17

Hundreth

Front 18

Milli

Back 18

Thousand

Front 19

Micro

Back 19

Millionth u

Front 20

One milliliter

Back 20

is the same as one cubic centimeter (cm3) which is abbreviated as cc

Front 21

Numbers in chemistry are

Back 21

inexact or exact

Front 22

An exact number

Back 22

results from counting objects or is part of a definition

Front 23

An inexact number

Back 23

results from a measurement or observation and contains some uncertainty

Front 24

1qt=

Back 24

946mL

Front 25

1fl oz =

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29.6mL

Front 26

1in=

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2.54cm

Front 27

1m=

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39.4in

Front 28

1km=

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0.621 mi

Front 29

1kg=

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2.21Lb

Front 30

454g=

Back 30

1Lb

Front 31

28.4g=

Back 31

1oz.

Front 32

Significant number in Multiplication and Division

Back 32

the answer has the same number of significant figures as the original number with the fewest significant digits

Front 33

Significant number in addition and subtraction

Back 33

the answer has the same number of decimal places as the original number with the fewest decimal places.

Front 34

Convert Fahrenheit to Celsius

Back 34

F=1.8(c) +32

Front 35

Convert Celsius to Fahrenheit

Back 35

C= F-32/1.8

Front 36

convert Kelvin to Celsius

Back 36

K= C + 273

Front 37

Convert Celsius to Kelvin

Back 37

C = K-273

Front 38

Density

Back 38

is the physical property that relates the mass of a substance to its volume

density= mass(g)/volume (mL or cc)

Front 39

An element

Back 39

is a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by a chemical reaction

Front 40

Metals are

Back 40

shiny solids that are good conductors of heat and electricity. all metals are solid at room temperature except for mercury which is liquid

Front 41

Nonmetals

Back 41

do not have a shiny appearance and they are generally poor conductors of heat and electricity. Nonmetals are sulfur,carbon nitrogen oxygen bromine (liquid at room temperature) 9 others

Front 42

Metalloids

Back 42

have properties intermediate between metals and nonmetals only 7 elements a metalloids=boron, silicon,germanium,arsenic, antimony, tellurium, and Astatine

Front 43

Four nonmetals

Back 43

compromise 96% of the human body Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen

Front 44

Major minerals or Macronutrients

Back 44

Sodium, Potassium and chlorine Magnesium and sulfur Calcium and Phosphorus

Front 45

Trace elements or micronutrients

Back 45

iron,zinc iodine, fluorine, and selenium

Front 46

A Chemical formula

Back 46

uses element symbols to show the identity of the elements forming a compound and subscripts to show the ratio of atoms (the building blocks of matter) contained in the compound

Front 47

A Proton

Back 47

symbolized by p, has a positive charge

Front 48

An electron

Back 48

symbolized by e", has a negative charge

Front 49

A neutron

Back 49

symbolized by n, has no charge

Front 50

All matter is composed of

Back 50

basic building blocks called atoms

Front 51

The nucleus of an atom

Back 51

contains the protons and neutrons of the atom

Front 52

The electron cloud is

Back 52

composed of electrons

Front 53

Mass number symbolized by A

Back 53

the number of protons and neutrons in the atom (element)

Front 54

Atomic number (Z)

Back 54

is the number of protons in the atom

Front 55

Isotopes are atoms

Back 55

of the same element (number of protons) with a different number of neutrons

Front 56

118Sn
50

Back 56

mass weight 118 of element Tin
50 is the protons therefore their are 68nuetrons in this isotope.

Front 57

A row in the periodic table is called

Back 57

a period similar in size there are 7

Front 58

a column in the periodic table is called

Back 58

a group elements in a group have similar electronic and chemical properties

Front 59

Alkali metals are

Back 59

group 1a

Front 60

Alkaline Earth elements are

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group 2a

Front 61

Halogens are

Back 61

group 7a

Front 62

Noble gases are

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group 8a

Front 63

Shell 1 holds

Back 63

2 electrons

Front 64

Shell 2 holds

Back 64

8 electrons 2s 2p 2p 2p

Front 65

Shell 3 holds

Back 65

18 electrons
3s, 2
3p,3p,3p, 6
3d,3d,3d,3d,3d 10

Front 66

Shell 4 holds

Back 66

32 electrons
4s 2
4p,4p,4p 6
4d,4d,4d,4d,4d, 10
4f,4f,4f,4f,4f,4f,4f, 14

Front 67

each orbital hold a max of

Back 67

2 electrons

Front 68

Electron dot symbol

Back 68

carbon has 4 electrons

.
.C.
.

Front 69

The size of atoms increases

Back 69

down a column

Front 70

The size of atoms decreases

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across the row therefore helium is smallest and Francium is largest

Front 71

Bonding

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is the joining of two atoms in a stable arrangement

Front 72

Ionic bonds

Back 72

result from the transfer of electrons from one element to another

Front 73

covalent bonds

Back 73

result from sharing of electrons between two atoms

Front 74

Ionic bonds form between a

Back 74

metal on the left side of the periodic table and a nonmetal on the right

Front 75

ions

Back 75

charges species in which the number of protons and electrons in an atom is not equal

Front 76

A molecule

Back 76

is a discrete group of atoms that share electrons

Front 77

Covalent bonds are

Back 77

when two nonmetals combine, or when a metalliod bonds to a non metal

Front 78

Cations are

Back 78

postively charged ions has fewer electrons than protons

Front 79

anions are

Back 79

negatively charged ions has more electrons then protons

Front 80

metals form

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cations by losing one two or three electrons we show this by + smybol

Front 81

Nonmetals form

Back 81

anions by gaining one, two, three, electrons we symbolize this by using -

Front 82

Ionic compounds are composed of

Back 82

cations and anions

Front 83

The sum of the charges in an ionic compound is

Back 83

zero

Front 84

ous

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is the smaller charge example Fe2+ is iron II or ferrous

Front 85

ic

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is for the higher charge example Fe3+ is Iron III or ferric

Front 86

Anions are named by replacing the ending with

Back 86

ide example chlorine is chloride

Front 87

Name the cation and then the anion
example Na+ F-

Back 87

sodium floride

Front 88

Cu+

Back 88

Cuprous

Front 89

Cu2+

Back 89

Cupric

Front 90

Cr2+

Back 90

Chromous

Front 91

Cr3+

Back 91

Chromic

Front 92

Fe2+

Back 92

ferrous

Front 93

Fe3+

Back 93

ferric

Front 94

Sn2+

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Stannous

Front 95

Sn4+

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Stannic

Front 96

CO3 2-

Back 96

Carbonate

Front 97

HCO3 -

Back 97

hydrogen carbonate or bicarbonate

Front 98

CH3CO2 -

Back 98

Acetate

Front 99

-CN

Back 99

Cyanide

Front 100

NO3 -

Back 100

Nitrate

Front 101

NO2 -

Back 101

Nitrite

Front 102

-OH

Back 102

Hydroxide

Front 103

PO4 3-

Back 103

Phosphate

Front 104

HPO4 -

Back 104

Hydrogen phosphate

Front 105

H2PO4 -

Back 105

Di-hydrogen phosphate

Front 106

SO4 2-

Back 106

Sulfate

Front 107

HSO4 -

Back 107

Hydrogen sulfate

Front 108

SO3 2-

Back 108

Sulfite

Front 109

HSO3 -

Back 109

Hydrogen sulfite