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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What two "new tools" were used to unlock the structure of atoms? |
1. Electricity 2. Radioactivity |
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What did JJ Thompson prove about cathode rays, and what did he determine there after? |
That they are negatively charged particles. The charge to mass ratio of electrons. |
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What experiment did R Millikan and HA Fletcher develop, and why was it created? |
The oil drop experiment - to determine the charge on the electron |
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What did Ernest Rutherford name the hydrogen cation? |
The proton |
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What are the three fundamental types of radiation identified by E Rutherford? |
1. Alpha Rays 2. Beta Rays 3. Gamma Rays |
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What is the mass and charge of an alpha particle? |
Mass - 4amu
Charge - +2
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What are Beta rays? |
Identical to cathode rays - electrons
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What are Gamma rays? |
EMR with shorter wavelengths than x-rays |
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What does a nucleus contain? |
The atoms protons and neutrons (p + n = nucelons --> Mass number) |
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What does the number of protons determine? |
The atomic number |
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Who invented the Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometer? |
Mel Comisarow from UBC |
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What is Avogadro's Number? |
The number of atoms in one mol of an element NO MATTER THE ELEMENT |
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Radiation may be detected by a _____________. |
Geiger counter |
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By definition, _______________ never alter the identity of the atoms involved. |
Chemical Reactions
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What interchanges in nuclear reactions? |
sub-atomic particles |
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What are the seven classes of nuclear reactions? |
1. Positron emission 2. Electron capture 3. Nuclear fission 4. Nuclear fusion 5. Nuclear transmutation 6. Alpha emission 7. Beta emission |
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Beta emission is always accompanied by ________ and may be accompanied by ____________. |
i) multiple neutrinos ii) gamma radiation |
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What reaction is ALWAYA an induced process and accompanied by the release of A LOT of energy? |
Fission |
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The hydrogen bomb is created by__________? |
Fusion |
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What is nuclear transmutation? |
Combining heavier nuclei together to create artificial elements. |
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What accompanies most nuclear reactions? |
Gamma rays |
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What are the black dots on the stability chart? |
The belt of stability (N = Z) |
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Nuclides with more neutrons than protons convert ______ into ________. |
i) neutron ii) protons |
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Binding energy is determined by what equation? |
(delta)E = (delta)m x c^2 |
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What is the quantity of radioactivity measured in? |
Bequerels (Bq) or Curies (Ci) |
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The units of absorbed dose of radiation is measured in_______? |
Gray (Gy) or Radiation Absorbed Dose (rad) |
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What are the units for equivalent dose? |
Sievert (Sv) or Rontgen equivalent for man (rem) |
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Despite their high energy, what is the slowest moving radiation particle? |
Alpha particle |
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Arrange the radiation particles from most dangerous to least. |
1. Gamma rays 2. Beta particles 3. Alpha particles |
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How do you calculate activity from a radiation? |
Activity = -(number of radioactive isotopes) / (time) |
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What is radiocarbon dating? |
Using the half life of carbon to determine the approximate age of artifacts. |
