Chemistry Ch. 1 & 2

Front 1

Chemistry

Back 1

The study of composition of matter and the changes that matter undergoes

Hint 1

Changes

Front 2

Matter

Back 2

Anything that has mass and occupies space

Front 3

What are living and nonliving things made out of?

Back 3

Matter

Front 4

What are the five areas of study?

Back 4

Organic Chemistry, inorganic chemistry, biochemistry, analytical chemistry, physical chemistry

Front 5

Organic chemistry

Back 5

Study of all chemicals containing carbon

Front 6

Inorganic chemistry

Back 6

Study of chemicals that in general do not have carbon

Front 7

Biochemistry

Back 7

Study of processes that take place in organisms

Front 8

Analytical chemistry

Back 8

Study that focuses on composition of matter

Front 9

Physical chemistry

Back 9

Area that deals with the mechanism, the rate, and the energy transfer that occurs when matter undergoes change

Front 10

Pure chemistry

Back 10

Pursuit of chemical knowledge for its own sake

Front 11

Applied chemistry

Back 11

Research that is directed toward a practical goal or application

Front 12

Pure research can lead directly to an application, but can an application exist before research is done?

Back 12

Yes, an application can come before research. example: aspirin. Aspirin was around long before researchers figured out how it worked.

Front 13

Why study chemistry?

Back 13

It can be useful in explaining the natural world, preparing for jobs and informing citizens

Front 14

Investigating ways to slow down the rusting of steel is what subdivision of chemistry?

Back 14

Physical chemistry

Front 15

Developing a better insulin delivery system for diabetics is what subdivision of chemistry?

Back 15

Biochemistry

Front 16

Determining the amount of mercury present in a soil sample is what subdivision of chemistry?

Back 16

Analytical chemistry

Front 17

Comparing the hardness of copper and silver is what subdivision of chemistry?

Back 17

inorganic chemistry

Front 18

Developing a new carbon-based fiber for clothing is what subdivision of chemistry?

Back 18

Organic chemistry

Front 19

Scientific method

Back 19

A logical, systematic approach to the situation of a scientific problem.

Front 20

What are the steps in the scientific method?

Back 20

Making observations, testing hypotheses, and developing theories.

Front 21

Observation

Back 21

Using your senses to obtain information.

Front 22

What is an example of an observation?

Back 22

Trying to turn on a flashlight but it doesn't light

Front 23

What can an observation lead to?

Back 23

A question. Ex. Does the flashlight need batteries?

Front 24

Experiment

Back 24

Procedure that is used to test a hypothesis. Experiments deal with variables or factors that can change. Ex. change the batteries

Front 25

What is the variable that you can change during an experiment?

Back 25

Manipulated variable or independent variable

Front 26

What is the variable that is observed during the experiment?

Back 26

Pending, responding or dependent variable

Front 27

once a hypothesis meets the test of repeated experimentation it may become a ______

Back 27

theory

Front 28

Theory

Back 28

They well-tested explanation for a broad set of observations

Front 29

Scientific law

Back 29

A concise statement that summarizes the results of many observations and experiments

Front 30

A scientific problem is often discovered when an _______ is made, which leads to a ________

Back 30

observation, question

Front 31

A ______ is formed when an explanation is proposed for an observation

Back 31

Hypothesis

Front 32

Testing a proposed explanation requires an ______

Back 32

Experiment

Front 33

An explanation may become a ______ if the same results are found after many tests

Back 33

theory

Front 34

What activity involves using the senses to gather information directly?

Back 34

Making an observation

Front 35

What is the variable that you change during an experiment?

Back 35

Manipulated or independent variable

Front 36

What is the variable that is observed during an experiment?

Back 36

Responding, pending, or dependent variable

Front 37

If all other variables are kept constant, the volume of a gas increases as the temperature increases. What does this express?

Back 37

Scientific law

Front 38

Mass

Back 38

A measure of the amount of matter the object

Front 39

Volume

Back 39

A measure of the space occupied by the object

Front 40

Extensive property

Back 40

A property that depends on the amount of matter in a sample

Front 41

Intensive property

Back 41

A property that depends on the type of matter in a sample

Front 42

Substance

Back 42

Matter that has a uniform and definite composition. aka homogeneous

Front 43

Physical property

Back 43

Some properties of a material change, but the composition of the material doesn't.

Front 44

Solid

Back 44

Form of matter that has an definite shape and volume. Not easily compressed.

Front 45

gas

Back 45

A form of matter that takes both the shape and volume of its container. Indefinite shape and volume, easily compressed.

Front 46

Vapor

Back 46

Describes the gaseous state of a substance that is generally a liquid or solid at room temperature

Front 47

Liquid

Back 47

A form of matter that has an indefinite shape, flows yet has a fixed volume

Front 48

What are the two categories used to classify properties of matter?

Back 48

Extensive or intensive

Front 49

What are three states of matter?

Back 49

Solid, liquid, and gas

Front 50

What can physical changes be classified as?

Back 50

Reversible or irreversible

Front 51

How are liquids and gases alike?

Back 51

They take the shape of its container

Front 52

How are liquids and gases different?

Back 52

gas can expand to feel any volume (definite shape) and the particles are farther apart

Front 53

Is the freezing of mercury reversible or irreversible?

Back 53

Reversible, because it involves changing from one state to the other.

Front 54

Can gold and copper have the same intensive properties?

Back 54

No, because they are made up of different components (intensive properties) but they can have the same extensive properties such as weight.

Front 55

Mixture

Back 55

Physical blend of two or more components, most samples of matter are mixture

Front 56

What is an example of a mixture?

Back 56

Tap water, because minerals in it may vary

Front 57

Based on the distribution of their components, what can mixtures be classified as?

Back 57

heterogenous mixture or homogeneous mixture

Front 58

heterogeneous

Back 58

Mixture which the composition is not uniform

Front 59

Homogeneous

Back 59

Mixture in which the composition is uniform aka solution

Front 60

Phase

Back 60

Term to describe any part of a sample with uniform composition and properties

Front 61

How many stages does a homogeneous mixture consist of?

Back 61

A single stage

Front 62

How many stages does a hetero heterogeneous mix consist of?

Back 62

Two or more phases

Front 63

What is an example of a phase?

Back 63

When oil and vinegar are mixed they form layers, or phases.

Front 64

How can you separate mixtures?

Back 64

Differences in physical properties

Front 65

What is the process that separates a solid from the liquid in a heterogeneous mixture?

Back 65

Filtration. Example, a colander used to separate water and pasta

Front 66

Distillation

Back 66

Liquid is boiled to produce a paper that has been condensed into a liquid

Front 67

What is an example of a substance?

Back 67

Distilled water because the hydrogen and oxygen are always the same

Front 68

Most samples of matter are mixtures

Back 68

True

Front 69

Element

Back 69

The simplest form of matter that has unique properties

Front 70

Compound

Back 70

A substance that contains two or more elements chemically combined in fixed proportions

Front 71

Chemical change

Back 71

Change that produces matter with a different composition than its original matter

Front 72

How is a compound different than an element?

Back 72

Compounds can be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means, but elements cannot

Front 73

How can you distinguish a substance from a mixture?

Back 73

If the composition of a material is fixed, the material is a substance. If the composition of a material may vary, the material is a mixture.

Front 74

What are chemical symbols and formulas used for?

Back 74

Chemists use chemical symbols to represent elements, and chemical formulas to represent compounds

Front 75

What are two methods that can be used to break down compounds into simpler methods?

Back 75

Electricity and heating. (physical methods used to separate mixtures won't work)

Front 76

Classify this sample of matter: table sugar

Back 76

Compound

Front 77

Classify this sample of matter: cough syrup

Back 77

mixture

Front 78

Classified the sample of matter: nitrogen

Back 78

Element

Front 79

Chemical property

Back 79

The ability of a substance to undergo a specific chemical change

Front 80

Chemical properties are observed only when a substance undergoes a chemical change

Back 80

true

Front 81

In chemical reactions, the substances present at the start of the reaction are called _______

Back 81

reactants

Front 82

In chemical reactions, the substances produced are called ______

Back 82

Products

Front 83

A change in the composition of matter always accurate during a chemical reaction

Back 83

true

Front 84

List the four possible clues to a chemical change

Back 84

Transfer of energy, change in color, production of a gas, or the formation of a precipitate

Front 85

If you observe a clue for chemical change you can be certain that a chemical change has taken place

Back 85

False

Front 86

Precipitate

Back 86

A solid that forms and settled out of a liquid mixture

Front 87

During a chemical reaction, the mass of the products is always equal to the mass of the _____%

Back 87

reactants

Front 88

The law of conservation of mass states that in any physical change or chemical reaction mass is neither ______ nor _______

Back 88

Created, destroyed