02: Chemical Basis Of Life

Front 1

Matter

Back 1

anything that takes up space, all matter is composed of elements

Front 2

Examples of elements

Back 2

Iron, copper, silver, gold

Front 3

Compounds

Back 3

chemical combinations

Front 4

Bulk elements

Back 4

elements needed by the body in large amounts

Front 5

Examples of bulk elements

Back 5

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus

Front 6

Trace elements

Back 6

elements needed by the body in small amounts, used by the body for parts of enzymes

Front 7

Ultra trace elements

Back 7

elements needed by the body in very small amts and are toxic in large amts

Front 8

Elements

Back 8

composed of particles called atoms

Front 9

Atoms that make up elements are chemically identical to one another but

Back 9

they differ from the atoms that make up other elements

Front 10

Nucleus contains

Back 10

protons and usually neutrons

Front 11

Electrons

Back 11

carry a negative charge

Front 12

Protons

Back 12

carry a positive charge

Front 13

Neutrons

Back 13

are neutral

Front 14

The nucleus of an atom is _______ charged

Back 14

positive

Front 15

A complete atom is ______ charged

Back 15

negative

Front 16

Atoms of different elements contain different numbers of

Back 16

protons

Front 17

Atomic number

Back 17

the number of protons in the atoms of a particular element

Front 18

Carbon’s atomic number

Back 18

6

Front 19

Carbon has _____ protons

Back 19

6

Front 20

Atomic weight

Back 20

protons + neutrons

Front 21

Carbon’s atomic weight

Back 21

12

Front 22

Carbon has ___ Protons and ____ neutrons

Back 22

6, 6

Front 23

Isotope

Back 23

same elements with variant numbers of neutrons

Front 24

Radioactive isotopes

Back 24

release atomic radiation

Front 25

Examples of radioactive isotopes

Back 25

oxygen, iodine, iron, phosphorus, and cobalt

Front 26

Three common forms of atomic radiation

Back 26

alpha, beta, and gamma radiation

Front 27

Alpha radiation

Back 27

consists of particles from atomic nuclei, both of which includes two protons and two neutrons

Front 28

Beta radiation

Back 28

consists of electrons

Front 29

Most penetrating type of atomic radiation

Back 29

gamma radiation

Front 30

Atomic Number

Back 30

number of protons

Front 31

When atoms of different elements combine

Back 31

compounds form

Front 32

Bond

Back 32

when atoms combine

Front 33

The first electron shell can hold

Back 33

two electrons

Front 34

The second electron shell can hold

Back 34

eight electrons

Front 35

The third electron shell of an atom with an atomic number 18 will hold

Back 35

8 electrons

Front 36

______ Electron shell is filled first

Back 36

innermost

Front 37

Ionic bond

Back 37

Electron is given. Ions shell isn’t full, gives or takes an electron, oppositely charged ions attract

Front 38

Cation

Back 38

Positive Ion

Front 39

Anion

Back 39

Negative Ion

Front 40

Covalent Bond

Back 40

shares electrons, strongest

Front 41

Non polar covalent

Back 41

equal sharing of electrons

Front 42

Polar covalent

Back 42

unequal sharing of electrons

Front 43

Hydrogen bond

Back 43

weak bond, attraction between positive hydrogen end of a polar molecule to the negative nitrogen or oxygen end of another polar molecule

Front 44

Hydrolysis

Back 44

decomp via h2o

Front 45

Deomposition

Back 45

break down inside body

Front 46

Synthesis

Back 46

making things inside the body

Front 47

Metabolism

Back 47

sum of decomposition and synthesis

Front 48

Enzymes and chemical reaction

Back 48

enzymes speed reactions, less energy needed

Front 49

Metabolites

Back 49

molecules made or broken in the body

Front 50

Inorganic compound

Back 50

usually have no carbon

Front 51

Organic compound

Back 51

usually includes carbon and hydrogen

Front 52

Four groups of organic compounds

Back 52

carbs, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

Front 53

Acid

Back 53

0 to 6 donates proton

Front 54

Base

Back 54

8 to 14 accepts proton

Front 55

3 groups of carbs

Back 55

monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides

Front 56

monosaccharides

Back 56

simple sugar, example: fructose

Front 57

Disaccharide

Back 57

2 liked sugars, example: fructose + glucose

Front 58

Polysaccharide

Back 58

series of sugars, example: starch

Front 59

Lipids

Back 59

fats/oils, provide energy

Front 60

Phospholipids

Back 60

most abundant lipid, maintains cell memb

Front 61

Glycolipid

Back 61

half sugar, half fat

Front 62

Steroid

Back 62

involved in cell membrane structure

Front 63

Nucleic Acid

Back 63

store and process info at the molecular level example: DNA/RNA

Front 64

Protein

Back 64

Makes up everything in the body. Have defined functions, the shape determines functions