Chem2 Ch 12/14 (Test 1)

Front 1

van der Waals forces

Back 1

collectively forces between molecules, everything has them

Front 2

Dipole-Dipole interaction

Back 2

Polar molecule encounters polar molecule

Front 3

Hydrogen Bonding

Back 3

O, N, F that have a lone pair bond to a Hydrogen

Front 4

Dipole-Induced Dipole Interactions

Back 4

When a dipole pushes a molecule into a induced dipole (water and O2)

Front 5

polarization

Back 5

process of inducing a dipole

Front 6

polarizability

Back 6

the degree to which the electron cloud of an atom or a molecule can be distorted

Front 7

Induced-Dipole/Induced-Dipoloe---London Dispersion Factors

Back 7

nonpolar, everything has them pretty much

Front 8

vaporization

Back 8

evaporation the process from liquid to gas

Front 9

molar enthalpy of vaporization

Back 9

the energy required to vaporize a sample

Front 10

condensation

Back 10

gas to liquid by losing energy

Front 11

dynamic equilibrium

Back 11

when the masses of liquid and vapor in the flask remain constant

Front 12

equilibrium vapor pressure

Back 12

is the pressure exerted by the vapor in equilibrium with the liquid phase

Front 13

volatility

Back 13

the measure of the tendency of the liquid molecules to escape from the liquid phase and enter the vapor pressure at a given temperature

Front 14

Clausius-Clapeyron equation

Back 14

provides a method for determining the delta vaporization H not

Front 15

normal boiling point

Back 15

the temperature when the substance boils at 1 atm or 760 mmHg

Front 16

critical point

Back 16

liquid/vapor exist at the same time

Front 17

supercritical fluid

Back 17

gas and a liquid properties and the critical point

Front 18

surface tension

Back 18

the energy required to break through the surface or to disrupt a liquid drop and spread out the material

Front 19

capillary action

Back 19

climbing of the water in a thin tube

Front 20

adhesive forces

Back 20

water to wall

Front 21

cohesive forces

Back 21

water to water

Front 22

viscosity

Back 22

resistance to flow

Front 23

solution

Back 23

homogenous mixture of two or more substances in a single phase

Front 24

solvent

Back 24

water usually large quantity

Front 25

solute

Back 25

usually solid, what is mixed into something

Front 26

colligative properties

Back 26

properies of solution that depend only on the number of solute particles per solvent molecule and not on the identity of the solute

Front 27

molality

Back 27

moles of solute/mass of solvent in kg

Front 28

mole fraction

Back 28

mole of n/moles total

Front 29

weight percent

Back 29

mass of n/mass of total

Front 30

parts per million

Back 30

dilution of a solution

Front 31

saturated

Back 31

no more particles can dissolve in it

Front 32

solubility

Back 32

the concentration of solute in equilibrium with undissolves solute in a saturated solution

Front 33

miscible

Back 33

mix

Front 34

immiscible

Back 34

don't mix

Front 35

hydration

Back 35

water is solvent, exothermic, when ions dissolve in water

Front 36

Henry's Law

Back 36

solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the gas pressure

Front 37

Le Chatelier's Principle

Back 37

states that a change in a any of the factors determining an equlibirum cases the system to adjust by shifting in the direction that reduces or coutneracts the effects of the change

Front 38

Raoult's Law

Back 38

vapor pressure of a solvent over a solution is some fraction of the pure solven tequilibirum vapor pressure......P solvent=Xsolvent*Pnotsolvent

Front 39

osmosis

Back 39

movement of solvent molecules through a semipermeable membrane from a region of lower solute concentration to a region of higher solute concentration

Front 40

osmotic pressure equation

Back 40

Pi=cRT

Front 41

osmotic pressure

Back 41

pressure counterbalancing from atmosphere and the water in a tube

Front 42

van't Hoff factor

Back 42

i=usually 1 unless ion, then count them

Front 43

colloidal dispersion (Colloids)

Back 43

represent a state intermediate between a solution and a suspension

Front 44

Tyndall effect

Back 44

colloids scatter visible light when dispersed in a solvent, making the mixture appear cloudy

Front 45

sol

Back 45

colloidal dispersion of a solid substance in a fluid medium

Front 46

gel

Back 46

colloidal dispersion that has a structure that prevents it from being mobile

Front 47

hydrophobid/hydrophyllic

Back 47

water hating/water loving

Front 48

emulsions

Back 48

colloidal dispersion of one liquid in another, such as oil in water

Front 49

emulsifying agent

Back 49

soap that allows for milk (water and oil) to form

Front 50

surfactants

Back 50

substances such as soaps that affect the properties of surfaces

Front 51

detergent

Back 51

special sufactant