Chem Test 2 Vocab

Front 1

Intermolecular force

Back 1

A force that occurs between molecules

Front 2

Hydrogen Bond

Back 2

An electrostatic attraction between an H atom bonded to a highly electronegative atom (O,N,F) and a neighboring 0,N, or F atom, either in another molecule or in a different part of the same molecule

Front 3

Solvent

Back 3

A substance, often a liquid, that is capable of dissolving one or more pure substances.

Front 4

Solute

Back 4

The solid, liquid, or gas that dissolves in a solvent.

Front 5

Solution

Back 5

A homogenous mixture of a solvent and one or more solutes

Front 6

Molarity

Back 6

A unit of concentration represented by the number of moles in a solute present in 1 liter of solution

Front 7

Ionic Bond

Back 7

The chemical bond formed when oppositely charged ions attract.

Front 8

Surfactant

Back 8

Compounds that help polar and nonpolar compounds to mix, sometimes called "wetting agents'

Front 9

Maximum Containment Level Goal (MCLG)

Back 9

The maximum level of a containment in drinking water at which no known or anticipated adverse effect on human health would occur

Front 10

Maximum Containment Level (MCL)

Back 10

The legal limit for the concentration of a containment expressed in part per million or parts per billion

Front 11

ionic solid

Back 11

A solid made up of ions held together mainly by their electrostatic interaction

Front 12

Electronegativity

Back 12

The measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons. "The ability of an atom in a bond, to attract electrons"

Front 13

Polarity

Back 13

Describes how equally bonded electrons are shared between atoms

Front 14

Aquifer

Back 14

A body of permeable rock that can contain or transmit ground water

Front 15

Fission

Back 15

The splitting of a large nucleus into smaller ones with the release of energy

Front 16

Chain reaction

Back 16

Any reaction in which one of the products becomes a reactant and thus makes it possible for the reaction to become self-sustaining

Front 17

Critical mass

Back 17

The amount of fissionable fuel required to sustain a chain reaction

Front 18

Radioactivity

Back 18

The spontaneous emission of radiation by certain elements

Front 19

Beta Particle

Back 19

A high-speed electron emitted from the nucleus

Front 20

Alpha particle

Back 20

A positively charged particle emitted from the nucleus. Consists of 2 protons and 2 neutrons and has a 2+ charge since no electrons accompany the helium nucleus

Front 21

Gamma ray

Back 21

Emitted from the nucleus and has no charge or mass. It is a high-energy, short-wavelength photon

Front 22

Gaseous diffusion

Back 22

A process in which gases with different molecular weights are forced through a series of permeable membranes

Front 23

Depleted uranium

Back 23

Composed entirely of U-238 because much of the U-235 that it once naturally contained has been removed

Front 24

Half-life

Back 24

The time required for the level of radioactivity to fall to one half of its initial value

Front 25

Spent Nuclear Fuel

Back 25

The radioactive material remaining in fuel rods after they have been used to generate power in a nuclear reactor

Front 26

Carbon Dating

Back 26

A radiometric dating method that uses the naturally occurring radio-isotope carbon-14 to estimate the age of carbon-bearing materials

Front 27

Isotopes

Back 27

Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons in the nucleus and therefore different atomic weights