Chem Terms

Front 1

Photon

Back 1

A packet of energy that has both particle and wave characteristics and travels at the speed of light.

Front 2

Compound

Back 2

A pure substance consisting of 2 or more elements with a definite composition that can only be broken down into simpler substances only by chemical methods

Front 3

Pure substance

Back 3

Type of matter with definite composition

Front 4

Atomic size

Back 4

Distance between the outermost electrons and the nucleus

Front 5

Atomic Spectrum

Back 5

A series of lines specific for each element produced by photons emitted by electrons dropping tonlower energy levels

Front 6

Electromagnetic Spectrum

Back 6

Arrangement of types or radiation from long wavelengths to short wavelengths

Front 7

Frequency

Back 7

The number of times the crests of a wave pass a point in 1s

Front 8

Ionization Energy

Back 8

Energy needed to remove the least tightly bound electron from the outermost energy level of an atom

Front 9

Concentration

Back 9

A measure of the amount of solute that is dissolved in a specified amount of solution

Front 10

Dilution

Back 10

A process by which water (solvent) is added to a solution to increase the volume and decrease (dilute) the solute concentration

Front 11

Electrolyte

Back 11

A substance that produces ions when dissolved in water; it's solution conducts electricity

Front 12

Henry's law

Back 12

The solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly related to the pressure of that gas above the liquid

Front 13

Hydration

Back 13

The process of surrounding dissolved ions by water molecules

Front 14

Ionic equation

Back 14

An equation for a reaction in solution that gives all the individual ions, both reacting ions and spectator ions

Front 15

Mass percent (m/m)

Back 15

The grams of solute in 100 g of solution

Front 16

Mass/volume percent

Back 16

The grams of solute in 100 mL of solution

Front 17

Molality (m)

Back 17

The number of miles of solute particles in exactly 1 kg of solvent

Front 18

Molarity (M)

Back 18

The number of miles of solute in exactly 1 L of solution

Front 19

Nonelectrolyte

Back 19

A substance that dissolves in water as molecules; its solution does not conduct an electrical current

Front 20

Osmosis

Back 20

The flow of a solvent, usually water, through a semipermeable membrane into a solution of higher solute concentration

Front 21

Osmotic pressure

Back 21

The pressure that prevents the flow of water into the more concentrated solution

Front 22

Saturated solution

Back 22

A solution containing the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve at a given temperature. Any additional solute will remain undissolved in the container

Front 23

Solubility

Back 23

The maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in 100 g of solute (usually water) at a given temperature

Front 24

Solute

Back 24

The component in a solution that is present in the lesser amount

Front 25

Solution

Back 25

A homogeneous mixture in which the solute is made up of small particles (ions or molecules) that can pass through filters and semipermeable membranes

Front 26

Solvent

Back 26

The substance in which the solute dissolves; usually the component present in greater amount

Front 27

Strong electrolyte

Back 27

A compound that ionizes completely when it dissolves in water; its solution is a good conductor of electricity

Front 28

Unsaturated solution

Back 28

A solution that contains less solute than can be dissolved

Front 29

Volume percent (v/v)

Back 29

The milliliters of solute in 100 mL of solution

Front 30

Weak electrolyte

Back 30

A substance that produces only a few ions along with many molecules when it dissolves in water; its solution is a weak conductor of electricity

Front 31

Chemical equilibrium

Back 31

The point at which the rate of forward and reverse reactions are equal so that no further change in concentrations of reactants and products takes place

Front 32

Equilibrium constant (K©)

Back 32

The numerical value obtained by substituting the equilibrium concentrations of the components into the equilibrium expression

Front 33

Equilibrium expression

Back 33

The ratio of the concentrations of products to the concentration of the reactants, with each component raised to an exponent equal to the coefficient of that compound in the balanced chemical equation.

Front 34

Heterogeneous equilibrium

Back 34

An equilibrium system in which the components are in different states

Front 35

Homogeneous equilibrium

Back 35

An equilibrium system in which all components are in the same state

Front 36

Le Châtelier's principle

Back 36

When a stress is placed on a system at equilibrium, the equilibrium shifts to relieve that stress

Front 37

Reversible reaction

Back 37

A reaction in which a forward reaction occurs from reactants to products, and a reverse reaction occurs from products back to reactants.

Front 38

Acid

Back 38

A substance that dissolves in water and products hydrogen ions (H+) according to the Arrhenius Theory. All acids are hydrogen ion donors, according to the Brønsted-Lowry Theory.