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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Monoatomic atoms
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atoms like the noble gases that don't combine with other atoms
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When bonds are FORMED
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energy is released
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When bonds are BROKEN
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energy is absorbed
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Ionic bonds
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Electronegativity difference is above 1.7
Formed by a metal and a nonmetal Ionic bonds make solids have high melting points Ionic bonds make solids conduct electricity in the molten state When one atom loses electrons and gives it to the other atom to create a positive and negative charge |
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anion
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negatively charged ion
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cation
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positively charged ion
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Covalent bonds
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Electronegativity difference is less than 0.4- nonpolar
Electronegativity difference is 0.4-1.6- polar When electrons are shared and that links atoms together |
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Metallic bonds
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in metals the bonds are made of a "sea" of electrons and ions
metals have high melting points and conduct electricity metallic bonds conduct electricity b/c the "sea" makes it easy for charges to be passed |
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IMAFS
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attractions between MOLECULES!!!! NOT ATOMS
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Dipole Dipole
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the positive side of a molecule attracts the negative side of a molecule
when 2 or more polar molecules interact with each other- like water |
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London dispersion forces
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Found in both nonpolar and polar molecules
The weakest IMAF When the electrons of a nonpolar molecule are arranged to not be balanced and the molecule becomes temporarily charged (since the electrons are moved to be unbalanced the charge is unbalanced) Substances with london dispersion forces vaporize melt and evaporate easily b/c the force is weak |
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Hydrogen bond
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very strong
dipole dipole interaction but involves hydrogen the more polar the molecule is the stronger the H bond higher boiling point |
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Resonance structures
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when you draw a molecule in all the different ways it could be drawn
you change up where the atoms are- you don't change the molecule- you just flip it around |
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VESPR LINEAR
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atoms besides central atom- 2
Lone pairs- 0 |
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VESPR BENT
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Atoms besides central atom- 2
lone pairs- 1 atoms besides central atom- 2 lone pairs- 2 |
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VESPR TRIGONAL PLANAR
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AToms besides central atom- 3
lone pairs- 0 |
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VESPR TETRAHEDRAL
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atoms besides central atom- 4
lone pairs- 0 |
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VESPR TRIGONAL PYRAMIDAL
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atoms besides central atom- 3
lone pairs- 1 |
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VESPR TRIGONAL BYPYRAMIDAL
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atoms besides central atom- 5
lone pairs -0 |
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VESPR OCTAHEDRAL
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atoms besides central atom- 6
lone pairs- 0 |
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Sigma bond
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bonds that involve s orbitals
ex. 2 s orbitals ex. an s orbital and a p orbital ex. an sp orbital and a sp2 orbital |
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Pi bond
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bonds that involve p orbitals
(same idea as a sigma bond) |
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Properties of ionic substances
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don't conduct electricity in the solid phase
can conduct electricity in the liquid phase high melting and boiling points don't vaporize easily conducts electricity in water if you can dissolve it |
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Properties of molecular crystals and liquids
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liquids and solids don't conduct electricity
most exist as gases at room temperature solids and liquids are volatile melting and boiling points of solids and liquids are low |
