Chem Sat- Chemical Formulas

Front 1

Whenever there's a metal

Back 1

the bond is ionic

Front 2

whenever there isn't a metal

Back 2

the bond is covalent

Front 3

MEMORIZE POLYATOMIC IONS

Back 3

go to quizlet NOW

Front 4

prefixes

Back 4

mono- 1
di- 2
tri- 3
tetra- 4
penta- 5
hexa- 6
hepta- 7
octa- 8
nona- 9
deca- 10

Front 5

oxidation

Back 5

lose electrons

something is oxidized when it loses electrons

Front 6

reduction

Back 6

gain electrons

something is reduced when it gains electrons

Front 7

oxidation state of an element

Back 7

ZERO

K (potassium)=0

Front 8

Acids

Back 8

have excess H+ ions

Front 9

bases

Back 9

have excess OH- ions

Front 10

Formula mass

Back 10

the combined molar mass of all the atoms (just add up all the atomic weights)

Front 11

percent composition

Back 11

total mass of element/total formula mass

times 100

Front 12

Empirical formulas

Back 12

formulas in the lowest ratio

H2O2 becomes HO because its the lowest simplified ratio

ex. a compound is 60% MG and 40% O

1) Pretend there are 100 units of MgO
2) So there are 60 amu Mg and 40 amu O
3) You know Mg=24 amu so 60/24=2.4 units of Mg
4) You know 0=16 amu so 40/16=2.5 units of O
5) So you have 2.5 units of Mg and 2.5 units of O
6) Divide each by the smaller one- 2.5/2.5=1 2.5/2.5=1
7) So it's MgO since both numbers were 1

Front 13

law of multiple proportions

Back 13

according to differing masses elements can combine in different proportions

ex. H20 and H202

Front 14

Ionic equation

Back 14

break down all the compounds into ions and write it all out like a regular equation

Front 15

net equation

Back 15

just break down the precipitate into ions and write out the equation

Front 16

converting empirical formulas to molecular formulas

Back 16

you must be given the molecular mass

1) calculate empirical formula mass

2) molecular mass/empirical formula mass

take that number and multiply it by all the subscripts in the empirical formula