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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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boiling
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the formation of bubbles of gas throughout a liquid
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boiling point
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the temperature at which liquid turns to a gas and gas changes to a liquid
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calorie
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the amount of heat energy that raises the temperature of exactly 1g of water at exactly 1 degree celsius
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change of state
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the transformation of one state of matter to another, for example, solid to liquid, liquid to solid, liquid to gas
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chemical change
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a change during which the original substance is converted into a new substance that has a different composition and new chemical and physical properties
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chemical properties
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the properties that indicate the ability of a substance to change into a new substance
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compound
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a pure substance consisting of two or more elements, with a definite composition, that can be broken down into simpler substances only by chemical methods
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condensation
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the change of state of a gas to a liquid
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cooling curve
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a diagram that illustrates temperature changes and changes of state for a substance as heat is removed
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deposition
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the change of a gas directly into a solid; the reverse of sublimation
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element
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a pure substance containing only one type of matter, which cannot be broken by chemical methods
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energy
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the ability to do work
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energy value
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the kilocalories obtained per gram of the food types; carbs, fats and proteins
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evaporation
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the formation of a gas (vapor) by the escape of high energy molecules from the surface of a liquid
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freezing
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the change of state from liquid to solid
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freezing point
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the temperature at which liquid changes to solid and solid changes to liquid
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gas
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a state of matter that does not have a definite shape or volume
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heat
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the energy associated with the motion of particles in a substance
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heat of fusion
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the energy required to melt exactly 1g of a substance at its melting point. For water, 80 cal. are needed to melt 1g of ice; 80 cal. are released when 1g of water freezes
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heat of vaporization
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the energy required to vaporize exactly 1g of a substance at its boiling point. For water, 540 cal. are needed to vaporize 1g of a liquid; 1g of steam gives of 540 cal. when it condenses
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heating curve
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a diagram that shows the temperature changes and changes of state of a substance as it is heated
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joule
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the SI unit of heat energy; 4.184 J = 1 cal
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kinetic energy
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the energy of moving particles
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liquid
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a state of matter that takes the shape of its container but has a definite volume
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matter
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the material that makes up a substance and has mass and occupies space
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melting
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the change of state from solid to liquid
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melting point
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the temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid. It is the same temperature as the freezing point
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mixture
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the physical combination of two or more substances that does not change the identities of the mixed substances
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physical change
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a change in which the physical properties of a substance change but its identity stays the same
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physical properties
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the properties that can be observed or measured without affecting the identity of a substance
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potential energy
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a type of energy related to position or composition of a substance
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pure substance
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a type of matter composed of elements and compounds that has a definite composition
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solid
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a state of matter that has its own shape and volume
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specific heat
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a quantity of heat that changes the temperature of exactly 1g of a substance by exactly 1 degree celsius; a lower SH means it heats up easily
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states of matter
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three forms of matter; solid, liquid, gas
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sublimation
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the change of state in which a solid is transformed directly to a gas without forming a liquid first.
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