Chem Med 1

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ALCMAEON

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ÑBiochemist that identified the brain as the physiological site of the senses.

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ARISTOTLE

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Dissected animals and is called the founder of comparative anatomy.

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HIPPOCRATES

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Is the Father of Medicine who developed an organizational method to observe the human body; recorded signs and symptoms of many diseases; created a high standard of ethics, the Oath of Hippocrates, used by physicians today

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CLAUDIUS GALEN

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He believed that the body was regulated by 4 fluids or humors which were blood, phlegm, black bile and yellow bile and imbalance in the humors resulted in illness; dissected animals and determined function of muscles, kidney and bladder; studied infectious diseases and described symptoms of inflammation.

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RHAZES

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Arab physician that became known as the Arab Hippocrates. He based diagnoses on observations of the signs and symptoms of disease; suggested blood was the cause of many infectious diseases; began the use of animal gut for suture material

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AVENZOAR

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Physician who described the parasite causing scabies in the 12th century

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Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci

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Used dissection in order to draw the human body more realistically

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ANDREAS VESALIUS

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He published the first book of Anatomy

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ISSAC JUDAEUS

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He wrote the first book on dietetics

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APOTHECARIES

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Early pharmacists made, prescribed and sold medications.

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AMBROSE PARE

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French surgeon who became known as the Father of Modern Surgery; established the use of ligatures to bind arteries and stop bleeding; eliminated the use of boiling oil to cauterize wounds; improved treatment of fractures and promoted the use of artificial limbs

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ANTON VAN LEEUWENHOEK

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Invented the microscope in 1666

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GABRIEL FAHRENHEIT

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Created the first mercury thermometer in 1714

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JOHN HUNTER

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English surgeon who established scientific surgical procedures.

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BENJAMIN FRANKLIN

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Invented the bifocals for glasses

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JAMES LIND

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Prescribed lime juice containing vitamin C to prevent scurvy in 1795

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EDWARD JENNER

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Developed a vaccination for smallpox in 1796

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JAMES BLUNDELL

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Performed the first blood transfusion in 1818

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RENE LAENNEC

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Invented the first stethoscope in 1819.

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FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE

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 Was the Founder of Modern Nursing; established efficient and sanitary nursing units during the Crimean war in 1854  She bagan the professional education of nurses.

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IGNAZ SEMMELWEIS

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In the 1840s, encouraged physicians to wash hands with lime after performing autopsies and before delivering babies to prevent puerperal (childbirth) fever.

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ELIZABETH BLACKWELL

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Became the first female physician in the US in 1849.

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JOSEPH LISTER

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Started using disinfectants and antiseptics during surgery to prevent infection in 1865

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CLARA BARTON

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Founded the American Red Cross in 1881 (International Red Cross was founded in 1863)

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LOUIS PASTEUR

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Contributed many discoveries to the practice of medicine; proved the microorganisms cause disease; pasteurized milk to kill bacteria; created a vaccine for rabies in 1885

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DIMITRI IVANOFSKI

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Discovered viruses in 1892

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GREGORY MENDEL

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Established principles of heredity and dominant / recessive patterns

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WILHELM ROENTGEN

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Discovered Roentgenograms (X-rays) in 1895

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ALMROTH WRIGHT

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 Developed vaccine for typhoid fever in 1897  The industrial revolution took place, resulting in major progress in medical science:

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WALTER REED

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Demonstrated that mosquitoes carry yellow fever in 1900

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CARL LANDSTEINER

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Classified the ABO blood groups in 1901

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DR. ELIE METCHNIKOFF

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Identified how white blood cells protect against disease

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MARIE CURIE

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Isolated radium in 1910

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SIGMUND FREUD

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Studies formed the basis for psychology and psychiatry

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FREDERICK BANTING AND CHARLES BEST

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Discovered and used insulin to treat diabetes in 1922

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SIR ALEXANDER FLEMING

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Discovered penicillin in 1928