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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Homogeneous
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Reactants in the same stage
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Heterogeneous
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reactants in multiple phases
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for the reaction:
aA+bB=cC+dD |
-1/a*delt.[A]-1/b*delt.[B]=1/c*delt.[C]
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Rate Laws
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0 Order: rate= k
1st order: rate= k[A] 2nd Order: rate= k[A]^2 |
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Integrated Rate Laws
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0 Order: [A]_t= -kt+[A]_0
1st Order: ln[A]_t= -kt+ln[A]_0 2nd Order:1/[A]_t= kt+ 1/[A]_0 |
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Half life eq.
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t(1/2)= ln2/k
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Elementary reaction
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either unimolecular or bimolecular
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complex reaction
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contains several elementary steps
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Catalyst
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Increases reaction rate w/o being consumed
changes the mechanism of the reaction does not change the proportion of the products |
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Enzymes
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very efficient catalysts
their active sites interact with a substrate |
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Equillibrium
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products and reactants still being formed
rate of formation=rate of removal |
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Equillibrium constant Kc eq.
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Kc= [products]/[reactants]
*always raise them to the power of their stoic. coef. ex/ 2H= [H]^2 *exclude pure solids |
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ideal Gas Law
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PV=nRT
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pressure constant eq.
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Kp=Kc(RT)^delt.n
*only works if its gas phase *delta n = n,gas products-n,gas reactants |
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determine product/reactant favored from Kc
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Kc>1 Product favored
Kc<1 Reactant favored Kc=1 Equilibrium |
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predicting reactions from Q and Kc
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Q<Kc goes forward
Q>Kc goes backward Q=Kc equilibrium |
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Le Chatlier's Principle
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A system at equillibrium resists change
If pushed it pushes back |
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Exothermic rec.
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Kc decreases as T increases
less product favored at high T |
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Endothermic reac.
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Kc increases as T increases
more product favored at high T |
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Solvent
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component w/ greatest amount
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solute
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dissolved in the solvent
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Miscible
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liquid dissolves in all proportions
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Immiscible
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liquids separate out
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Alchohols
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polar head (hydrophilic)
non-polar tail (hydrophobic) |
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Lattice Energy
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Energy holding the forces together in a crystal
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if Delta H is:
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positive- endothermic
negative- exothermic |
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mass fraction
weight percent |
mass solute/total mass sol.
mass frac. x 100 |
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Molarity
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mol of solute/L of sol.
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Molality
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mol of solute/ kg of solvent
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Osmotic Pressure eq.
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P=cRTi
c= molarity i= # of particles |
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stron/ weak acids/bases
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strong ones completely ionize
weak ones dont |
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Ph=
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-log[H_3O]
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finding pH from Ka
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Ka= x^2/Molarity
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Lewis acid/base
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acic-accepts pair e-
base-donates pair e- |
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buffer
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chemical system that resists changes in pH
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delta S =
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ndeltaH/T
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*know Gibbs energy ch.18
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I love Jesus
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Delta G^0=
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-RTlnK^0
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