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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Intensive Property
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Independent of SS
-density, freezing/boiling |
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Extensive Property
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dependent on quantity of sample taken
-concentration |
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Separation: solid + liquid
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filtration
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Separation: liquid + liquid
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distillination
-heat mixture, one will boil first |
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Dalton's Atomic Theory
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• Each element is composed of atoms (extremely small particles)
• Atoms cannot be created or destroyed • Atoms cannot be changed by chemical means o Silver can’t become gold o Chemical reaction only changes combination of atoms |
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Law of Constant Composition
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relative number and kind of atoms are constant
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Law of Conservation of Mass
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total mass of material present before and after a chemical rxn is the same
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Law of Multiple Proportions
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• If two elements A and B combine to form more than one compound, the masses of B that can combine with a given mass of A are in the ratio of small whole numbers
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Alpha rays
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+2 charge
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Beta Rays
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high speed electrons
-1 charge |
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Gamma rays
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no charge
large |
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Atoms
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•Nucleus- protons & neutrons, very dense
•Protons- positive charge •Electrons- negative charge •99% of an atom’s mass is from nucleus •size of atom is about 10,000 times size of nucleus |
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Cathode Ray
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proved existence of electrons
-cathode ray bends towards positive electrode -rays bend in presence of electric and magnetic field |
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Oil Drop Experiment
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-Millikan
-Exact value of charge carried by electron -charge on each oil droplet is a multiple of a minimum charge |
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Mass of electron
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calculated by JJ Thompson
9.1 x 10^-28g |
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Plum Pudding Model
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electrons embedded in +charged aton *disproved
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Alpha Scattering Model
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-Rutherford
-some alpha rays deflected at large angles when passed through gold foil -presence of + charged atoms (protons) |
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Atomic Mass Unit
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-mass of atom
-1 mole of any element will contain 6.02 x 10^23 atoms -1 mole weighs 1 g -electrons tiny, do not contribute to atomic mass |
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Atomic Number
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# electrons= # protons
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Mass Number
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# protons + # neutrons
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Isotope
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atomic # same, mass # different
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Group 1A
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-Alkali metals
-form 1+ ion -readily lose 1 electron |
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Group 2A
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-Alkaline earth metals
-Form 2+ ion |
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Group 7A
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-Halogens
-For 1- ion |
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Group 8A
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-Noble/Inert Gasses
-Ideal configuration -Don't form compounds |
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Forming Ionic Compounds
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Criss-Cross method for charges
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Naming Ionic Compounds
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Positive Ion, Negative Ion
ex: Ca2+= Calcium ion |
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Positive Ions with multiple charges
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Iron: Iron (II) ion/ Iron (III) ion
ferrous ion/ ferric ion |
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Ammonium Ion
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NH4
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Negative Ions
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-Halogen (1-)
-add suffix "ide" -flouride, chloride, bromide, iodide |
