Chem 16A Carboxylic Acids

Front 1

The functional group of a carboxylic acid is a _________ group, which can be represented in any one of three ways

Back 1

carboxyl

Front 2

for an acyclic carboxylic acid, take longest carbon chain that contains the carboxyl group as the parent alkanedrop the final -e from the name of the parent alkane and replace it by _____ _____

Back 2

-oic acid.

number the chain beginning with the carbon of the carboxyl groupbecause the carboxyl carbon is understood to be carbon 1, there is no need to give it a number

Front 3

Back 3

Front 4

Back 4

Front 5

to name a dicarboxylic acid, add the suffix ______ _______ to the name of the parent alkane that contains both carboxyl groups

Back 5

-dioic acid

Front 6

the numbers of the carboxyl carbons are not indicated because:

Back 6

they can be only at the ends of the chain

Front 7

Back 7

Front 8

Back 8

Front 9

carboxylic acids are more soluble in water than are alcohols, ethers, aldehydes, and ketones of comparable molecular weight

Back 9

carboxylic acids have significantly higher boiling points than other types of organic compounds of comparable molecular weight

Front 10

an unbranched-chain carboxylic acid derived from hydrolysis of animal fats, vegetable oils, or membrane phospholipids = ?

Back 10

fatty acid

Front 11

Back 11

Front 12

an ester of glycerol with three fatty acids = ?

Back 12

Triglyceride

Front 13

Hardening = ?

Back 13

reduction of some or all of the carbon-carbon double bonds of an unsaturated triglyceride using H2/catalyst

Front 14

Natural soaps are prepared by boiling lard or other animal fat with NaOH, in a reaction called _______________

Back 14

saponification

Front 15

Carboxylic acids are (strong/weak) acids

Back 15

weak

Front 16

Reactions with bases. All carboxylic acids, whether soluble or insoluble in water, react with NaOH, KOH, and other strong bases to form water-soluble salts

Back 16

Front 17

like inorganic acids, carboxylic acids react with sodium bicarbonate and sodium carbonate to form water-soluble sodium salts and carbonic acid.

carbonic acid then decomposes to give water and carbon dioxide, which evolves as a gas

Back 17

Front 18

in Fischer esterification, a carboxylic acid is reacted with an ________ in the presence of an acid catalyst, such as concentrated sulfuric acid

Back 18

alcohol

Front 19

At equilibrium the forward rate is equal to the reverse rate. RF [A] = RR [C] So if we increase the concentration of A, the forward rate ________ and shifts the equilibrium to the ______.

Back 19

increases; right

Front 20

If we decrease the concentration of A, the forward rate ________ and shifts the equilibrium to the _____.

Back 20

decreases; left

Front 21

Increasing a compound on one side of the equilibrium, shifts the equilibrium (toward/away from) that compound. This causes any other compound on the side side to be _______ and compounds on the opposide side to ________.

Back 21

away; decreased; increase

Front 22

Decreasing a compound on one side of the equilibrium, shifts the equilibrium (toward/away from) that compound. This causes any other compound on the side side to be _______ and compounds on the opposide side to ________.

Back 22

toward; increased; decrease