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88 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is plumpy nut?
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High protein peanut based paste. Long shelf life. Distributed to developing countries by WHO UNESCO
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Hormone given to cows to produce more milk
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rBGH
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Oil that was used in popcorn during the 1990s and was found to have as much fat as 2 big macs
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Coconut Oil
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Foods with added benefits are called
a) Functional foods b) Power foods c) Additive foods d) Super foods |
A- Functional foods
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Which of the following has the highest % of household expenditure for food?
a)United states b) Australia c)China d) Pakistan |
D - Pakistan
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Who discovered CO2 produced on eating
a)Lavoisier b) Rilieux c)Lavoix |
Lavoisier
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What is the name of the chemical put into sugar and flour to dilute it and make it less expensive?
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CaSO4
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Around what time were food regulations issued?
a) 1700s b)1800s c)1900s d)1950s |
C) 1900s
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There is enough food produced to feed the world. What are the two drivers of world hunger?
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- Distribution issues
- Destruction of crops from insects |
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What % of crops are destroyed by insects?
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40%
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What is the only food group consumed MORE in India than in North America?
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Rice
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What are the correct ratios for protein and fat intake in the USA vs India?
A) Protein 3 x India, Fat 9x India B) Protein 1.5x India , Fat 8x India C) Protein 0.5x India, Fat 10x India D) Protein 6 x India, Fat 4x India |
Amswer: B
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Rank the following from most water to least water % and include specific % of water in each
Apple, Radish, Watermelon |
Answer: From most water to least--
Radish 98% water Watermelon 96% water Apple 85% water (or 120 ml) |
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Approx how many sugar cubes in an apple?
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6 sugar cubes per apple
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For 1 lb of dry food, how many grams of fat should one consume? How about protein? Complex carbs? Sugar?
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Fat: 65g
Protein: 60 g Complex carbs: 200 g Sugar: 40 g |
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What % cal should be derived from fat for approx 1 lb of dry food? From protein? Complex carb? From sugar?
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30% cal from fat
12% cal from protein 48% cal from complex carb 10% cal from sugar |
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What is the caloric value of fat per gram? What about protein? What about carbs?
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Fat 9 cal/ g
Protein and Carb 4 cal / g |
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Tool used to discover what people have eaten over centuries. Used by going through dried feces
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Molecular Coproscopy
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What did societies eat in ancient times? Discovered through molecular coporoscopy.
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Burnt corn and black licrorice
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Which of the following are macronutrients? and how are these measured?
Carbs, Fats, Proteins, Vitamins, Minerals |
Carbs, fats, proteins. Measured by g/day
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What are the two monosacharides of sucrose?
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Glucose + Fructose
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Sugar cane has approx what % of sucrose?
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15%
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What is the name of the machine used to extract sucrose from sugar cane?
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Deficator
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Who patented a simpler way to extract sucrose following the deficator?
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Rilieux in 1846
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There are two sources of sugar. Sugar cane and ...... ?
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Beet sugar
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Where is the greatest quantity of sugar produced?
a) United states b) Cuba c) Brazil d) European Union |
Answer- C- Brazil
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What country consumes the most sugar? What country consumes the least? What is the ratio between max and min consumption?
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Cuba consumes the most sugar at 176 lbs/ person/ year. China consumes the least at 15 lbs per person/ year. Cuba consumes 12x more than China
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What is the difference between cellulose and starch?
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Starch and cellulose are different in the angles of their bonds. Both are polymers of glucose but we don't have enzyme to break down cellulose
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Enzymes typically are written with what ending ?
a) "ose" b) "ide" c) "ase" d) "en" |
Answer- C- "Ase"
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What is the name of the enzyme that breaks apart sucrose?
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Invertase
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High Fructose corn syrup is a polymer of glucose, starch. What are the three enzymes that break it down?
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Alpha amalyse- break down starch into segments
Gluco amalyse- breaks down segments into glucose Glocose isomerase- turns some glucose into fructose |
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List the following sugars from most to least sweet
Sucrose, Glucose, HFCS (90%) , HFCS (55%) , Corn Syrup, Fructose |
Answer from sweetest to least sweet:
HFCS @ 90% HFCS @ 55% Fructose Fructose Sucrose Glucose corn syrup |
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What is unique about honey?
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Rich in potassium
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What makes brown sugar brown?
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Sucrose combined with MOLASSAS
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What year was the great molassas flood?
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1919
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What is lactose made up of?
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Galactose and Gluctose
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What % of the world is lactase deficient? What % of those in North America impacted are caucassian? What % are black?
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70%, 25% of those lactase deficient are caucasian 75% are black
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What enzyme breaks down protein in the saliva?
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Amylase
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Which cereal has the lowest sodium and sugar?
a) Cheerios b) Special K c) All Bran d) Shredded Wheats |
D- Shredded Wheats
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Why does sugar eat away at teeth?
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Sugar is transformed by s.mutans into lactic acid. This is bad for teeth.
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What causes gout?
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Increased uric acid in the blood. Crystalizes in the joints and tissues. The fructose in soft drinks contribute to gout
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The bonding of a protein with a sugar molecule without the controlling action of an enzyme
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Glycation
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Toast is an example of what chemical reaction?
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Mayard reaction
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AGEs- Advanced Gycation End Products are responsible for
a) saggy skin b) hunger c) vomitting d) weight loss e) cataracts |
Answer- A & E - Saggy Skin and Cataracts
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What are the three roles of fat?
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-Insulation
-Padding -Stored energy |
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What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats in chemical structure?
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Saturated fats have a single bond. Unsaturated fats have a double bond.
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What is the difference between trans and unsaturated fats in chemical structure?
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Trans have hydrogen at opposite ends and unsaturated have hydrogen at same end
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Which type of fat increases cholestral?
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Saturated fat
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Should saturated fat be totally eliminated from the diet?
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No, studies were carried out that show that reducing fat intake from 30% to 10% has no significant impact on health and life expectancy
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Which of the following food consumption has decreased in North America?
A) Beef b) Pork c) Chicken d) Turkey e) Fish |
Answer: A -Beef
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Name of the fish sold more than all other east coast fish
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Menhaden
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Carbohydrate based fat substitutes
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Seaweeds, Gums, Modified starch and cellulose derivatives
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Term used for fat substitutes that have fat texture
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mouth-feel
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Name of a fab-based substitute used in chips in USA
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olestra
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synthetic fat substitute
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sucrose polyester
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How long does it take to burn fat when working out?
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40 minutes. Up until this point only carbohydrates are being burnt.
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Reversable Protein Deficiency
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Kwashiorkor
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3 roles of protein
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growth, tissue repair, enzyematic processes
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Which foods give the most proteins?
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Milk and meat
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Portion of the egg containing no fat, and a lower cooking temperature
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Egg white
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Amino acid that increases serotonin levels
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Tryptophane
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Number of amino acids that can not be produced within the body and must be made part of the diet
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9
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What are the 4 sources of complete proteins? ( that is have all needed amounts of the 9 amino acids)
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Meat, fish, eggs, milk
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What are the incomplete proteins?
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Corn, wheat, rice
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Of the incomplete proteins, which is the MOST incomplete?
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Wheat. Short in 4 of the essential amino acids.
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What are the two drivers of the food crisis?
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- Increasing demand for food products
-Environmental and security issues |
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Which of the following is not a solution to the food crisis from an environmental and safety perspective?
A-Increase local food production B-Produce crops adapted to local conditions C- Eliminate export subsidies in rich countries to their agricultural producers D- Replace biofuels with cellulosic ethanol |
Answer-D- Replace biofuels with cellulosic ethanol
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What food commodity increased significantly in price from 2008-2011?
a) Beef b) Dairy c) Wheat d) Corn e) Sugar |
Answer-E- Sugar
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What are three factors contributing to the food crisis from an increased demand for food?
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1) increased oil prices
2) shift to biofuels 3) increasing wealth in emerging countries |
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What is ethanol made from?
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Corn or Sugarcane
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What is biodiesel made from?
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Either animal fats or vegetable oils
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What country is the world leader in ethanol production AND consumption?
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Brazil
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Which of the following is NOT an advantage of burning ethanol?
a) Less pollutants b) Lower mileage c) energy savings |
C
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What is malting?
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The conversion of corn into simple sugar before it can become ethanol
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Which has a greater energy output, sugarcane or corn ethanol?
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Sugarcane
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The supplement industry generates a revenue of
a) 10 billion b) 20 billion c) 30 billion annually |
Answer-C- 30 billion
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Nickname often used to describe British people
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Limey
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Discovered the use of citrus fruit in prevention of scurvey
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James Lind
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Chemical name for vitamin C
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Ascorbic acid
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First person to isolate vitamin C in scurvy prevention
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Szent-Gyorgi
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Disease in south east asia involving the freezing of limbs
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Beri-Beri
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Discovered cause of beri-beri
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Eijkman
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Vitamin deficiency resulting in Beri Beri
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Vitamin B1
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Antioxidant vitamins are:
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A,C,E and Carotine
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Chemical name for vitamin B1
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Thiamine
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Deficiency disease due to lack of vitamin D. Emerged during industrial revolution
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Rickets
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4 symptoms of Pellagra
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Dermatitis, Diarrhea, Dementia, Death
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Deficiency from not enough vitamin B3. Cause discovered by Goldberger
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Pellagra
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