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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Ohm's law
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v=IR
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V~
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voltage AC
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V__
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Voltage DC
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A__
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current DC
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A~
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current, AC
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Gas thermometer
Who's law and what's the law How does it work Why adding water extends range? |
Charles, v=constant*T
As you decrease the temperature, the air pressure decreases allowing the water to slip down the pipet. Decrease volume of air in bulb, less air so contracts/expands less for specific temp change (harder to read, less resolution) |
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3 advantages of silicon temp sensor over hg in glass thermometer
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larger temp range
faster response time more applications |
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Equation for Rf values
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distance moved by component/distance moved by mobile phase front
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Mobile/stationary for paper
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mobile: liquid paper is put into (non polar)
stationary: water and paper. water H bonds to paper |
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Vr (retention volume)?
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Vr= volume of mobile phase passed through the column between injector point and the peak maximum.
? Distance traveled to remove band 1/2 way off the column. |
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liquid stationary phase/mobile phase?
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silica gel
ethanol/water |
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in chrom. want to maximize?
minimize? |
max-component migration differences of all components
min-component spreading that occurs during chrom process |
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gas chrom
stationary? mobile? |
stationary-activated tide solid powder
mobile-carrier gas (methane) |
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Why did the samples have different retention times? Factors?
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size (molecular weight), attraction to stationary phase, IMF
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CFC?
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CFC-cholorfluorocarbons--stable, volatile, cheap, only Cl F and C, phased out because have long half life and stay in troposphere/stratosphere for a long time. causes ozone holes.
EX: Freon 11 central carbon with 3 Cl and 1 F around |
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HFC?
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HFC-hydrofluorocarbons--only H, F, C
EX: 2 C in middle, 3 F around 1 C, 2 H and F around the other |
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Practical applications of GC
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compound identification and analysis of trace impurities
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EoCell=
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E half red-E half oxi
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pos E cell=
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spontaneous
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How to make lead acid battery?
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Compartment filled with electrolyte, H2SO4, and lead grid filled with spongy lead (anode) and lead grid filled with PbO2 (cathode)
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How are EoCell and K related?
Large + K value? |
EoCell=(RT/nF)ln Keq
spontaneous |
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Nernst equation?
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E=Eo - (RT/nF) ln Q
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Ecell as concentrations when battery is run down?
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at equilibrium for Cu/Zn battery
product [Zn 2+] is very high and reactant [Cu 2+] is very low. Zn (s) + [Cu 2+] -> [Zn 2+] + Cu (s) |
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Chemical kinetics?
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Study of rates of chemical processes
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Major factors that determine rate of chemical reaction?
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Temp
[] of chemical species in rxn Catalysts rate at which reactants can mix together |
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rate determining step?
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slowest step in chemical reaction
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mechanism of reaction?
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All actual elementary steps involving molecules that take place simultaneoulsy or consecutively that are added together to give observed, overall rxn
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Activation energy?
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E that atomic system must acquire before a process can occur
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relationship between Ea, rate of reaction, endothermicity of reaction, exothermicity of reaction?
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Ea= -RT ln (k(rate constant)/A(frequency factor))
Rate deals with kinetics. Exo/Endo deals with thermodynamics. No connections between the 2 |
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Given raw data, determine activation energy for reaction.
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4th quadrant
x-axis= 1/T (K^-1) y-axis=log of rate slope= -Ea/(2.303*R) R=8.314 |
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How do 'graphs' look if slow or fast rxn?
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high peak=slow reaction
low peak=fast reaction |
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What effect does dilution has on the pH of a buffer as well as the effect dilution has on buffer capacity.
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No effect on pH
lowers buffering capacity |
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Why are buffers biologically relevent?
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Biochemical reactions are very sensitive to pH, therefore there must be buffers involved so that there will be no drastic changes in pH that will disrupt biologically crucial reactions.
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Henderson-Hasselbalch equation?
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pH=PKa + log ([A-]/[HA])
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How to determine Ka of an acid given a titration curve?
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At pH halfway to equivalence point, PKa=pH
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