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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Define asepsis. |
Freedom from infection |
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What are bacteria? |
Prokaryotic, single cell organisms |
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What is a cyst? |
Protective wall enclosing certain parasites offering protection |
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Define dimorphic. |
Occurring in two distinct forms |
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Define disease. |
Deviation from or interruption of the normal structure or function of any part, organ or system of the body. |
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What are disenfectants? |
Chemicals used to free an environment of pathogens. |
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What are eukaryotes? |
Organism with cells that have a true nucleus |
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What is flora? |
The microbial community found in a healthy person |
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What is a fomite? |
An object, which is not usually harmful, but can harbor pathogens |
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What are fungi? |
A group of eukaryotic protists having a cell wall, but no chlorophyll |
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Define host. |
Animal or plant that harbors or nourishes another organism |
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Define iatrogenic. |
Resulting form the activity of healthcare workers |
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What is medical asepsis? |
Reduction in the numbers of infectious agents, thereby reducing the incidence of infection |
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What is meant by the term nosocomial? |
Originating in the hospital |
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What are pathogens? |
Disease-producing microorganisms |
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What are prokaryotes? |
Cells that lack a true nucleus |
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What are protozoa? |
Single cell organisms |
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What is meant by the term reservoir? |
A passive host that carries a pathogenic organism without injury to itself |
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What are standard precautions? |
Precautions to prevent the transmission of disease by body fluids and substances |
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What is meant by sterilization? |
Complete destruction of all living microorganisms |
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What is surgical asepsis? |
Procedure used to prevent contamination by microbes before, during or after surgery - sterile technique |
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What is a vaccine? |
Attenuated or killed microorganisms administered for the prevention of infectious disease |
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What is a vector? |
A carrier that transfers an infective agent |
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What is a virion? |
A complete viral particle with a nucleoid and capsid. |
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What is a virus? |
A group of infectious agents, not seen in a microscope, and characterized by a lack of independent metabolism. Viruses can only replicate in a host cell |
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What are the processes of infection? |
1) Encounter 2) Entry 3) Spread 4) Multiplication 5) Damage 6) Outcome |
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What is meant by 'chemotherapy' in infectious disease? |
Killing of a foreign microbe within a host. Both static and cidal agents are used |
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What is the single most important means of preventing the spread of infection? |
Hand washing |
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How much of the arm should be washed? |
Elbow thru hand |
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(T/F) Needles should be recapped after use. |
F |
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What are airborne precautions? |
Used for infections that can be transmitted through the air. Patients in a negative pressure room and healthcare workers need to wear respiratory protection |
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What are droplet precautions? |
Large droplets required for transmission of infection (3-feet tranmission distance. Surgical mask required |
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What are contact precaution? |
Pathogen spreads by physical contact. Gloves, gown and hand washing required |
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What is angiography? |
Radiographic procedure to visualize blood vessels |
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What is a Foley catheter? |
An indwelling catheter retained in the bladder to drain urine |
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What is an isolette |
Incubator used for premature infants |
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What is the lithotomy position? |
Also called to dorsosacral position. Patient supine with knees and hips flexed and thighs adducted. Used for procedures of the perineum |
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What is a lymphangiogram? |
Radiographic visualization of the lymphatic system |
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What is meant by purulent? |
Containing pus |
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What is meant by the term 'serous'? |
Having a thin and watery constitution. |
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What is meant by the term 'subungual'? |
Beneath the finger- or toenail |
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What is the Trendelenburg position |
Patient supine with head down 30 - 40 degrees |
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What is the urinary meatus? |
External urethral orifce |
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What is a voiding cystourethrogram |
Radiographic procedure in which contrast is placed in the bladder and images obtained before, during and after urination. |
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What is a pacemaker? |
Electromechanical devices used to regulate heart rate |
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What is a colostomy? |
Surgical creation of an opening between the colon and the surface of the body |
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Where is the perineum? |
Region between the thighs bounded by the anus and scrotum or vulva |
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What is viscosity? |
Physical property of liquids that determines the internal resistance to shear forces (thickness of the liquid) |
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What different types of enemas exist? |
1) Tap water (hypotonic) 2) Hypertonic 3) Saline (safest) 4) Soapsuds solution 5) Oil (sometimes called retention enema) |