Chapter 16 - Carlton & Adler

Front 1

Asepsis

Back 1

freedom from infection

Front 2

Bacteria

Back 2

prokaryotic single-cell organisms

Front 3

Blood-borne Pathogens

Back 3

disease caused by microorganisms present in human blood

Front 4

Cyst

Back 4

stage in the life of parasites when they are enclosed in a protective wall

Front 5

Dimorphic

Back 5

occurring in two distinct forms - fungi

Front 6

Disinfectants

Back 6

chemicals used to free an environment from pathogenic organisms or to render such organisms inert

Front 7

Eukaryotes

Back 7

organisms whose cells have a nucleus

Front 8

Flora

Back 8

microbial community found in a healthy person

Front 9

Fomite

Back 9

Object harboring pathogenic microorganisms, such as a door knob.

Front 10

Fungi

Back 10

a group of eukaryotic protists including mushrooms, yeasts, molds and smuts lacking chlorophyll

Front 11

Host

Back 11

animal or plant that harbors another organism

Front 12

Iatrogenic

Back 12

resulting from activity of physicians

Front 13

Immunity

Back 13

security against a particular disease

Front 14

Infection

Back 14

invasion and multiplication of microorganisms in body tissues

Front 15

Medical Asepsis

Back 15

reduction in numbers of infectious agents to decrease the probability of infection

Front 16

Microorganisms

Back 16

bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoa

Front 17

Nosocomial

Back 17

originating in the hospital - infection occurring 72 hours after admission

Front 18

Pathogens

Back 18

disease-producing microorganisms

Front 19

Prokaryocytes

Back 19

cellular organisms lacking a nucleus

Front 20

Protozoa

Back 20

unicellular organisms - plasmodium vivax (malaria)

Front 21

Reservoir

Back 21

alternate or passive host or carrier that harbors pathogenic organisms without injury to itself

Front 22

Standard Precautions

Back 22

precautions to prevent the transmission of disease by body fluids and substances

Front 23

Sterilization

Back 23

complete destruction or elimination of all living microorganisms

Front 24

Surgical Asepsis

Back 24

procedure to prevent contamination by microbes during or after surgery

Front 25

Vaccine

Back 25

suspension of attenuated or killed microorganisms administered for the prevention of infectious disease

Front 26

Vector

Back 26

carrier of disease (usually an arthropod)

Front 27

Virion

Back 27

complete viral particle containing the nucleoid and capsid. Also known as a viral particle

Front 28

Viruses

Back 28

any group of minute infectious agents characterized by a lak of independent metabolism and replicating in host cells

Front 29

Morphology

Back 29

size and shape of pathogen - cocci, bacilli and spirals

Front 30

Endospore

Back 30

metabolically dormant structures resistant to the external environment and can become infectious
Clostridium, Bacillus

Front 31

Establishment of Infectious Disease

Back 31

Encounter, Entry, Spread, Multiplication, Damage, Outcome

Front 32

Carrier

Back 32

human reservoir

Front 33

Koch's postulate

Back 33

4 factors involved in spread of disease:
reservoir, host, infectious microorganism, mode of transmission

Front 34

Exogenous

Back 34

from the outsidw

Front 35

Endogenous

Back 35

from the inside

Front 36

Antiseptic

Back 36

disinfectant applied topically

Front 37

Bacteriostatic

Back 37

stops bacterial growth

Front 38

Bacteriocidal

Back 38

kills bacteria

Front 39

Universal Precautions

Back 39

body substance isolation precautions (standard precautions)

Front 40

Airborne Precautions

Back 40

Pathogenic organisms transmitted in the air. Requires respiratory precautions

Front 41

Droplet Precautions

Back 41

Large particulate droplets causing protection. Usually only travel about 3 feet. Surgical mask required, but special ventilation is not required

Front 42

Contact Precautions

Back 42

taken when caring for a patient infected with a pathogen that spreads by direct contact. Gloves and gown required