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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What elements make up the macroenvironment of business? (six elements of the external environment)
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1. Economic
2. Culture (social) 3. Law (legal/political) 4. Technological 5. Government (international) 6. Nature |
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What other environments are there?
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a. Macroenvironment or external environment (focuses on the "big picture")
b. Immediate or internal environment (consists of groups the business manager can deal with on a face-to-face basis, such as employees, owners, suppliers, bankers, and customers) |
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What kind of job has business education traditionally done with respect to the macroenvironment?
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Traditionally business education ignored the macroenvironment because you could not deal with it directly.
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What changed things in business education with respect to the macroenvironment?
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What changed was stagflation, an economic phenomenon principally from the 1970s and into the early 1980s.
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What is globalization?
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The creation of networks of human interaction that span worldwide distances.
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What are the three main aspects of globalization? |
1) trade liberalization - reducing tariffs (taxes) on imports
2) protection of intellectual property rights 3) foreign direct investment (FDI) (which facilitates the free flow of capital across national borders) |
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Who is the Royal Dutch Shell PLC? |
a. One of the world’s largest companies.
b. Each year it makes capital investments of between $30 billion and $40 billion c. In the 1970s pioneered the use of scenarios in corporate planning |
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What made the Royal Dutch Shell PLC so successful? |
a. When an oil embargo surprised the world in 1973 Shell was the only major oil firm prepared for the supply interruption |
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What problems does Royal Dutch Shell PLC face? |
a. Supplies of oil and gas cannot keep pace with rising demands for energy b. Environmental stresses are growing |
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What are the nine deep historical forces? |
1. Industrial Revolution 2. Inequality 3. Population Growth 4. Chance 5. Nation-states 6. Globalization 7. Technology 8. Great Leaders 9. Dominant Ideologies |
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What is a historical force? |
An environmental force of unknown origin and mysterious action that provides the energy for events.
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When and where did the Industrial Revolution begin? |
Late 1700's in England. |
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What are the requirements for Industrial growth? |
a. Sufficiency of capital, labor, natural resources and fuels
b. Adequate transportation c. Strong markets d. Ideas and institutions that support the productive blend of all the above ingredients |
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What ideologies was the Industrial Revolution facilitated by? |
a. Capitalism b. Constitutional democracy – protection of individuals’ rights |
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What type of Inequality is the most basic political conflict in every nation? |
Between the rich and the poor |
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What is the Gini Index? |
A statistical measure of inequality in which zero is perfect equality (everyone has the same amount of wealth and 100 is absolute inequality (a single person has all wealth).
The used to measure the global income inequality. |
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What made the Population Growth accelerate upward since 1825? |
a. Advances in water sanitation and medicine, reduced the number of deaths from infectious disease b. Mechanized farming, expanded the food supply |
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Why is the rapid Population Growth now declining? |
Fertility |
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In a global comparison, who is declining the most? (Multiple Choice) a. The North b. The East c. The South d. The West
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d. The west |
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What are some of the consequences of globalization? |
a. Increased economic activity
b. Changed cultures |
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What is a nation-state? |
An international actor having a ruling authority, citizens, and a territory with fixed borders
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How do nation-states differ from the past to modern day? |
Past: nations increased their power by seizing territory from other nations
Today: nations use trade to increase their power |
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What is an ideology? |
A set of reinforcing beliefs and values that constructs a worldview.
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Define progress. |
The idea that humanity was in upward motion toward material betterment.
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Define Darwinism. |
The constant improvement characterized the biological world.
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Define Social Darwinism. |
Evolutionary competition in human society weeds out the unfit and advances humanity.
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Define Protestant Ethic. |
It is hard work, saving, thrift and honesty lead to salvation.
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What did Machiavelli observe with the historical force of chance? |
Fortune determines about half the course of human events and human beings determine the other half.
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What are the two basic sub-trends underlying economic growth? |
1. Rising trade 2. Major expansion of foreign direct investment by transnational corporations |
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What is culture? |
A system of shared knowledge, values, norms, customs, and rituals acquired by social learning
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What are the two long-term global trends in the government environment that are of major importance to business? |
a. Larger social welfare roles
b. Expanded regulation of domestic industries |
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What does the legal environment consist of? |
a. legislation
b. regulation c. litigation |
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Name the five enduring trends of the legal environment. |
1. Laws and regulations have steadily grown in number and complexity
2. Corporations have expanding duties to protect rights of stakeholders 3. Globalization has increased the complexity of the legal environment and expanded the application of voluntary codes of conduct 4. Ethical behavior and corporate social responsibility often become codified in laws 5. The law is constantly evolving |
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When did the human ecological footprint move beyond the earth’s carrying capacity? |
1980s |
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Replacement fertility rate is the:
A) average number of children that would be born to a woman over her lifetime. B) number of childbirths per one thousand people per year. C) number of children a woman must have on average to ensure that one daughter survives to reproductive age. D) fertility rate that is not high enough to replace an area's population. |
C) number of children a woman must have on average to ensure that one daughter survives to reproductive age.
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What is a wiki?
A) It is a keyword associated with a piece of information. B) It is an online discussion site where people can hold conversations. C) It is a type of a Web site that is usually maintained by an individual. D) It is a website that is open to collaborative editing by multiple individuals. |
D) It is a website that is open to collaborative editing by multiple individuals.
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Post-materialist values are:
A) broad preferences concerning appropriate courses of action or outcomes. B) part of a core value dimension in the modernization process. C) values based on assumptions of security and affluence. D) used to describe the economic and cultural state or condition of society. |
C) values based on assumptions of security and affluence.
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What are soft laws?
A) Actual binding legal instruments and laws. B) Voluntarily adopted guidelines for corporate behavior derived from emerging norms and standards in international codes, declarations, and conventions. C) A series of ongoing debates regarding if and how norms of individual and collective behavior, decision-making, and actions should be created and enforced. D) Legal structures in which providers of legal systems compete or overlap in a given jurisdiction. |
B) Voluntarily adopted guidelines for corporate behavior derived from emerging norms and standards in international codes, declarations, and conventions.
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Ecological Footprint measures the:
A) possible positive or negative impact that a proposed project may have on the environment, together consisting of the natural, social, and economic aspects. B) direct and indirect use of water by a consumer or producer. C) total set of greenhouse gas emissions caused by an organization, event, product, or person. D) human consumption of the renewable natural resources. |
D) human consumption of the renewable natural resources.
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