Bulw 1370 Ch. 13&14: Industrial Pollution & Environmental Regulation & Managing Environmental Quality

Front 1

What are the leading precipitating events in the environmental movement?

Back 1

The big precipitating event – a book titled “The Silent Spring” by Rachel Carson – concerned the deleterious effects of DDT. Other precipitating events in environmentalism – Love Canal, Cuyahoga River Fire, 3-Mile Island, BP Oil Spill, Exxon Valdez oil spill, Chernobyl, Japan tsunami

Front 2

What are the leading U.S. environmental laws?

Back 2

Social Activism Period Environmental Laws - 1970 NEPA – National Environmental Protection Act--created the EPA – introduced the concept of the EIS = environmental impact statement. There are also The Clean Air Act (and Amendments to it), The Clean Water Act, The Endangered Species Act, and CERCLA which was passed in 1980 to correct the unintended consequence of illegal dumping. It set up Superfund sites – really bad environmental disaster areas that cost a lot of money to clean up. They raised the money in this law by putting a tax on petrochemical companies.

Front 3

What is meant by the term unintended consequences, and which environmental law sought to address that issue?

Back 3

Unintended consequences are unexpected bad things that happen when you try to do good.

Front 4

Which law created the EPA?

Back 4

NEPA.

Front 5

The scientific process of discovering and weighing the dangers posed by a pollutant is known as:

A) risk management.

B) hazard identification.

C) epidemiological study.

D) risk assessment.

Back 5

D) risk assessment.

Front 6

The process of deciding which regulatory action to take (or not take) to protect the public from the risk posed by a pollutant is known as:

A) risk management.

B) dose-response assessment.

C) hazard identification.

D) risk assessment.

Back 6

A) risk management.

Front 7

_____ assessment is a quantitative estimate of how toxic a substance is to humans at increasing levels of exposure.

A) Exposure

B) Dose-response

C) Source

D) Hazard

Back 7

B) Dose-response

Front 8

Extrapolation is the process of:

A) observing and recording tasks whilst something is happening.

B) establishing a link between a substance, such as a chemical, and human disease.

C) inferring the value of an unknown state from the value of another state that is known.

D) estimating the value within the range of the data used for analyzing several variables.

Back 8

C) inferring the value of an unknown state from the value of another state that is known.

Front 9

A relationship in which adverse health affects increase or decrease proportionately with the amount of exposure to a toxic substance is known as:

A) dualism.

B) environmental management system.

C) linear dose-response rate.

D) deep ecology.

Back 9

C) linear dose-response rate.

Front 10

The study of how much of a substance people absorb through inhalation, ingestion, or skin is known as:

A) control assessment.

B) hazard assessment.

C) exposure assessment.

D) dose-response assessment.

Back 10

C) exposure assessment.

Front 11

Risk assessment attempts to use _____, while risk management tries to base decisions on:

A) natural sciences; social sciences.

B) social sciences; formal sciences.

C) physical sciences; formal sciences.

D) formal sciences; natural sciences.

Back 11

A) natural sciences; social sciences.

Front 12

The process of assigning a price to ecological goods or services that are not traded in markets is called:

A) contingent valuation.

B) hedonic valuation.

C) risk assessment.

D) cost-benefit analysis.

Back 12

A) contingent valuation.

Front 13

The practice of regulating by setting uniform standards, strictly enforcing rules, and using penalties to force compliance is called:

A) flexible enforcement.

B) required disclosure.

C) command-and-control regulation.

D) market incentive regulation.

Back 13

C) command-and-control regulation.

Front 14

When proactive companies set up methods for aligning corporate strategies, policies, and operations with principles that protect ecosystems, they are said to be implementing a(n):

A) environmental tax reform.

B) command-and-control program.

C) environmental management system.

D) market incentive program.

Back 14

C) environmental management system.

Front 15

The estimated burden of disease caused by exposure to air, water, and lead pollution is calculated as the percentage of deaths and:

A) disability-adjusted life years.

B) quality-adjusted life years.

C) average years of life lost.

D) expected years of life lost.

Back 15

A) disability-adjusted life years.

Front 16

An animated, interactive realm of plants, animals, and microorganisms inhabiting an area of the nonliving environment is known as a(n):

A) biotope.

B) ionosphere.

C) ecosystem.

D) niche.

Back 16

C) ecosystem.

Front 17

The inverted U-shaped curve which illustrates that as gross domestic product rises in emerging economies, pollution goes through stages of rapid increase, leveling off, and decline is known as the:

A) DALY curve.

B) environmental Kuznets curve.

C) ecological probabilities curve.

D) marginal pollution cost curve.

Back 17

B) environmental Kuznets curve.

Front 18

The theory of _____ held that humans were separate from nature and other living organisms because they alone had souls and the power of reasoning.

A) dualism

B) speciesism

C) utilitarianism

D) capitalism

Back 18

A) dualism

Front 19

The ethical philosophy of the greatest good for the greatest number of people is known as:

A) capitalism.

B) dualism.

C) speciesism.

D) utilitarianism.

Back 19

D) utilitarianism.

Front 20

Condensibles are:

A) created in the atmosphere by reactions of precursor gases including NO2, SO2, VOCs, and ammonia.

B) metals that cause seizures and mental retardation.

C) gases that vaporize from a wide range of liquid or solid carbon-based compounds like petroleum fuels, solvents, paints, adhesives, pesticides, and waxes.

D) formed in the air by chemical reactions between nitrogen dioxide and volatile organic compounds.

Back 20

A) created in the atmosphere by reactions of precursor gases including NO2, SO2, VOCs, and ammonia.

Front 21

Hazardous air pollutants refer to:

A) chemical emissions that pose a serious illness such as cancer or birth defects with small inhalations exposure.

B) inert, colorless, odorless gases found in soil and rock formations.

C) inert and exceptionally stable gases that break down in the upper atmosphere in ozone consuming reactions.

D) chemical substances that absorb energy radiated from the earth, decreasing its releasing into space.

Back 21

A) chemical emissions that pose a serious illness such as cancer or birth defects with small inhalations exposure.

Front 22

Radon is:

A) an atmospheric gas that absorbs energy radiated from the earth, decreasing its release into space.

B) a naturally occurring decay product of uranium.

C) produced as a result of nuclear fission.

D) used as a refrigerant, aerosol propellant, foam, and solvent.

Back 22

B) a naturally occurring decay product of uranium.

Front 23

_____ gases trap heat from the sun in the atmosphere instead of allowing it to radiate back into space at night.

A) Rare

B) Organic

C) Greenhouse

D) Noble

Back 23

C) Greenhouse

Front 24

This refers to treated or untreated wastewater discharge from an industrial facility.

A) Surface runoff

B) Spill

C) Condensible

D) Effluent

Back 24

D) Effluent

Front 25

What is the Environmental Kuznets curve?

Back 25

An inverted U-shaped curve illustrating that as gross domestic product rises in emerging economies pollution goes through stages of rapid increase, leveling off, and decline

Front 26

Who is the PBGC? ....the FDIC?

Back 26

The Pension Benefit Guarantee Corporation.

The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.