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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is therapeutic range? |
(therapeutic window) to indicate the range if concentrations of a drug that are effective without being excessively toxic. |
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resistance to antimicrobial drugs happens how? |
extra DNA pieces called R plasmids or the mutations of genes. |
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what enzyme produced is resistant to antimicrobial drugs? |
B-lactamase that deactivate the drug, by inducing changes in the cell membrane that prevent entry of the drug, by altering the drug's target to prevent binding, by altering the cell's metabolic pathways. |
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what is cross resistance? |
occurs when resistance to one chemotherapeutic agent confers resistance to similar drugs. |
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what is multiple-drug-resistant pathogens? |
are resistant to three or more types of antimicrobial drugs. |
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what is synergism? |
describes the interplay between drugs that results in efficacy that exceeds the efficacy of either drug alone. Some drug combinations are antagonistic. |
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PABA is _________________ |
used to synthesize folic acid |
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drugs that act against protein synthesis include |
aminoglycosides |
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which of the following is most closely associated with a beta-lactam ring? a. penicillin b. vancomycin c. bacitracin d. isoniazid |
a. penicillin |
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multiple-drug-resistant microbes______________ |
frequently develop in hospitals |
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cross resistance is |
resistance to one antimicrobial agent because of its similarity to another antimicrobial agent |
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why are sulfonamides effective? |
humans and microbes use PABA differently in their metabolisms. |
