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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)
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Energy storing a molecule in cells composed of an adenosine molecule, a ribose sugar, and three phosphate groups, energy is stored in the molecules chemical bonds and can be used quickly and easily by cells
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Calvin cycle
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Series of reactions during the light independent phase of photosynthesis in which simple sugars are formed from carbon dioxide using ATP and hydrogen from the light dependent reactions
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Chlorophyll
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Light absorbing pigment in plants and some protists that is required for photosynthesis, absorbs most wavelengths of light except for green
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ADP (Adenosine Diphosphate)
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Molecule formed from the breaking off of a phosphate group from ATP, results in a release of energy that is used for biological reactions
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Electron transport chain
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Series of proteins embedded in a membrane along which energized electrons are transferred it, as electrons are passed molecule to molecule energy is released
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Light dependent reactions
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Phase of photosynthesis where light energy is converted to chemical energy in the form of ATP, results in the splitting of water and the release of oxygen
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Light Independent reaction
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Phase of photosynthesis where energy from light dependent reactions is used to produce glucose an additional ATP molecules
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NADP+
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Electron carrier molecule, when carrying excited molecules it becomes NADPH
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Photolysis
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Reaction taking place in the thylakoid membrane of a chloroplast during light dependent reactions where two molecules of water are split to form oxygen hydrogen ion's and electrons
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Photosynthesis
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Process by which autotroph's such as algae and plants trap energy from sunlight with chlorophyll and uses this energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into simple sugars
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Pigments
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Molecules that absorb specific wavelengths of sunlight
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Aerobic
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Requires oxygen
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Anaerobic
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Doesn't require oxygen
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Alcoholic fermentation
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Anaerobic process in which cells convert pyruvic acid into currently oxide and ethyl alcohol, carried out by many bacteria and fungi such as yeast
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Cellular respiration
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Chemical process where mitochondria breakdown food molecules to produce ATP, the three stages are glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain
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Citric acid cycle
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In cellular respiration series of chemical reactions that break down glucose and produce ATP. Energizes electron carriers that pass the energized electrons on to the electron transport chain
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Glycolysis
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In cellular respiration, series of anaerobic chemical reactions in the cytoplasm that breaks down glucose into pyruvic acid, forms a net profit of 2 ATP molecules
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Lactic acid fermentation
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Series of anaerobic chemical reactions in which pyruvic acid used NADH To form lactic acid and NAD+ which is then used in glycolysis, supplies energy when oxygen for aerobic respiration is scarce
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