Chapter 9 Substance Abuse

Front 1

Substance Abuse

Back 1

The inappropriate and usually excessive self-administration of a drug substance for non medical purposes.

Front 2

Dopamine Hypothesis

Back 2

Dopamine, which is the chemical associated with feelings of pleausre and elation. Drug abuse stimulates a surge in the brain. Major drugs of abuse mimic the structures of neurotransmitters

Front 3

Physiology of drug abuse

Back 3

necessitates the bodys adaptation to the drugs toxic effects at both biochemical and cellular level. includes tolerance, physical dependence, and psychological dependence

Front 4

Tolerance and physical dependence alone does imply addiction. T or F.

Back 4

False. Tolerance physical dependence alone does not imply addiction

Front 5

Tolerance

Back 5

occurs when the body develops a natural resistance to the drug's physical or euphoric effects

Front 6

Physical Dependence

Back 6

occurs when actual changes in body cells cause the body to "need" the drug for homeostasis.

Front 7

PPsychological Dependence

Back 7

The compulsive use of a drug. it results from the direct influence of drugs on brain chemistry

Front 8

5 main categories of commonly abused drugs.

Back 8

-CNS depressants
-CNS stimulant
-Hallucinogens
-Cannabis
-Miscellaneous drugs

Front 9

CNS depressants affects

Back 9

-decreases heart rate
-respiration
-muscular coordination
-and energy
Causes
-constipation
-depression
-nausea
-vomiting
-physical dependence.

Front 10

Commonly abused CNS drugs

Back 10

sedatives-hypnotics
-alcohol
-barbiturates
-benzodiazepines (valium)

Front 11

Whats is the number one drug problem in America?

Back 11

Alcoholism

Front 12

What can abrupt withdrawal of long term sedative-hypnotic drugs cause

Back 12

It could be fatal.
Withdrawal symptoms are serious and abrupt withdrawal should never be attempted.

Front 13

Opioids

Back 13

commonly prescribed to relieve pain, suppress coughing, enhance anesthetic effect for surgery, and relieve sever diarrhea

Front 14

What do opioids affect and what do they cause?

Back 14

Affect the CNS
Cause
-mood changes
-cerebral changes
-confusion
-euphoria
-and analgesia

Front 15

Can tolerance be achieved with use of opioid?

Back 15

Yes, normally due to regular use over several weeks.

Front 16

What are the withdrawal effects from narcotics (opioid)?

Back 16

-muscle pain
-nausea and vomiting
-abdominal cramps
-diarrhea

Front 17

most commonly abused CNS stimulants.

Back 17

-cocaine
-amphetamines

Front 18

CNS stimulants initially...

Back 18

-increase hear rate, B/P
-energize muscles
-decrease appetite
-cause some degree of physical and mental alertness

Front 19

CNS stimulants produce feelings of

Back 19

self-confidence and induce some degree of euphoria

Front 20

As a general rule, intoxication with stimulant drugs is more dangerous than withdrawal. T/ F

Back 20

True

Front 21

Hallucinogens

Back 21

have pronounced mental and emotional effects because they distort the way the brain interprets sensory information.

Front 22

Common Hallucinogens

Back 22

-ecstasy
-LSD
-Phencyclidine hydrochloride (PCP)

Front 23

How can hallucinogens be administered?

Back 23

inhaled, injected, or swallowed

Front 24

Hallucinogens produce

Back 24

long-lasting reduction in the brains supply of serotonin and produce powerful psychic changes.

Front 25

Inhalants

Back 25

products that can be abused by inhaling them through the nose or mouth to achieve an intoxicating effect.

Front 26

Inhalants are some of the first substances abused because

Back 26

they are easily accessible, inexpensive, and easy to conceal. s

Front 27

Effects of inhalants resemble...

The suer initially experiences

Back 27

alcohol inebriation

stimulation, loss of inhibitions, and distorted perception of reality and spatial relations

Front 28

What occurs after a few minutes of using an inhalant

Back 28

senses become depressed
sense of lethargy arises as the body attempts to stabilize blood flow to the brain
-headache, nausea, vomiting, slurred speech, loss of coordination, and wheezing.

Front 29

Designer Drugs

Back 29

similar in chemical structures to existing drugs and are developed with relative ease in illegal labs.
-extremely potent and have addictive capabilities greater than those of existing drugs

Front 30

Designer drugs destroy

Back 30

brain cells and much of voluntary muscle controls

Front 31

Anabolic Androgenic Steroids

Back 31

-synthetic formulations of the male hormone testosterone.

Front 32

Why are anabolic steroids most often used?

Back 32

increases strength and atheletic performance.

Front 33

Steroids have dramatic effect on emotions and makes the use feel

Continued use may lead to

Back 33

more confident and aggressive


emotionally instability, rage, depression, or psychosis

Front 34

Serious health effects of steroids includes

Back 34

sex hormone imbalances, changes in secondary sex characteristics, permanent sterility, hepatic cancer, and myocardial infaraction

Front 35

Commonly abused durgs

Back 35

-alcohol
-cocaine
-heroin
-marijuana

Front 36

What is the nurses role in substance abuse?

Back 36

-having core knowledge related to specific drugs and abuse prevention
-assess for potential or actual abuse
-formulate plan of care for the patient who is abusing drugs or is at risk for abuse

Front 37

What occurs when a nurse suspects substance abuse?

Back 37

-a physical, psychological, and functional health assessment is performed. may be incorporate dinto health habits survey
-ask about patient or family history of substance abuse

Front 38

Substance abuse in pregnancy

Back 38

-10% of infants exposed to illicit drugs during gestational period.
-linked to several maternal and fetal complications

Front 39

substance abuse in infancy

Back 39

-exposure can cause problems at birth for the first 3 to 4 months of life

Front 40

substance abuse in childhood

Back 40

-prenatal alcohol exposure can lead to cognitive deficits and behavior problems

Front 41

Substance abuse in adolescence

Back 41

-greatest physical and emotional changes that occur during adolescence, can lead to substance abuse

Front 42

Substance abuse in older adulthood

Back 42

-changes may put them at risk for substance abuse
-substance abuse may be difficult to recognize due to chronic medical conditions.

Front 43

Environment of substance abuse

Back 43

-former substance abusers are at risk for relapse
-environmental triggers may produce intense desire for the drug even after years of recovery

Front 44

Culture in substance abuse

Back 44

-some exhibit unusual response after consuming ethanol, they have genetic deficiency that leads to an accumulation of ethanol

Front 45

Maximizing Recovery in Substance Abuse

Back 45

-acutely intoxicated patients are generally directed toward preventing life-threatening and debilitating effects
-evolve from specific physiologic and psychological effects of substance abuse

Front 46

Minimizing Relapse

Back 46

alcohol cocaine and narcotic, treaments lifelong
-psychotherapy, support groups, and withdrawal/anti-craving drugs
-patient and family euctation
-help femaily smembers to prevent, and identify feelings and responses to it.