Chapter 9 Social Psychology

Front 1

1. According to the textbook, prosocial behavior is defined

Back 1

b. as any behavior that is good for other people or for society as a whole.

Front 2

2. According to the textbook, the opposite of prosocial behavior is

Back 2

b. antisocial behavior.

Front 3

3. Which of the following is NOT a good example of prosocial behavior?

Back 3

d. Wearing a jacket when it is cold

Front 4

4. As discussed in the textbook, the sociologist Phil Kunz once performed a study in which he sent 578 Christmas cards to a sample of complete strangers living in Chicago, Illinois. He received a total of 117 cards in return, as well as several phone calls—despite the fact that he did not know any of these people. Kunz's findings provide good evidence of:

Back 4

a. reciprocity.

Front 5

5. Equity and equality are two types of __________.

Back 5

c. norms

Front 6

6. Jose sometimes feels that he is a "taker" rather than a "giver"—that he is not contributing his fair share at work or in relationships. Research suggests that, as a result, Jose is likely to

Back 6

d. feel depressed, feel guilty, and look for opportunities to give back more.

Front 7

7. Alicia and her friends are singing karaoke. Alicia is an extremely talented singer—much better than her friends. She feels awkward about being so good, however, so she sort of "fakes bad”; she doesn't want her friends to be envious of her singing talent. Social psychologists would say that Alicia is experiencing

Back 7

b. sensitivity about being the target of threatening upward comparison.

Front 8

8. If you are concerned that you are getting less than you deserve, then social psychologists would say that you are worried about __________; if you are concerned that you are getting MORE than you deserve then social psychologists would say that you are worried about ________.

Back 8

b. being underbenefited, being overbenefited

Front 9

9. Social psychologists often make use of a game called __________ to study people's tendencies to cooperate versus compete.

Back 9

b. the prisoner's dilemma

Front 10

10. How does money impact self-sufficiency?

Back 10

b. More money tends to increase one’s sense of self-sufficiency.

Front 11

11. Research on forgiveness in relationships indicates that

Back 11

b. more forgiveness ultimately leads to better relationships.

Front 12

12. People who forgive others tend to have

Back 12

a. better physical and mental health than people who hold grudges.

Front 13

13. What percent of women wash their hands after using the restroom if they believe no one else is in the restroom?

Back 13

b. 39%

Front 14

14. A series of studies conducted in restaurants indicates that when people dine in groups, they tend to order __________. This finding can be explained by the fact that __________.

Back 14

b. a variety of different items—more variety than expected by chance, people don't like to order the same items that others are ordering.

Front 15

15. During the hurricane and subsequent flooding in New Orleans several years ago, survivors reported that they were much more likely to search for displaced family members than for friends. This finding supports the idea of

Back 15

b. kin selection.

Front 16

16. Social psychologists distinguish between two types of helping, which are defined by different motives:

Back 16

d. altruistic and egoistic

Front 17

17. Last weekend Victor helped his sister move into her new apartment. He didn't really feel like helping her, but he wanted to put her "in his debt," because he is planning to ask her if he can stay at her place for a couple of weeks. By helping his sister move, Victor was thus apparently engaging in

Back 17

a. egoistic helping.

Front 18

18. The notion that “feeling another’s pain” motivates us to help others is called the

Back 18

b. empathy-altruism hypothesis.

Front 19

19. According to the hypothesis, people help others to relieve their own distress

Back 19

d. negative state relief

Front 20

20. In general, in which of the following situations are women more likely to offer help than men?

Back 20

a. In close relationships

Front 21

21. Research on gender and helping indicates that female helpers

Back 21

b. are more likely to help females than males.

Front 22

22. As discussed in the textbook, "spring break sex" (low-commitment sex) often represents a "good deal" for men and a "bad deal" for women. Interestingly, both men and women tend to travel in same-sex packs during spring break. Moreover,

Back 22

a. while men do things to try to help each other succeed at engaging in sex, women do things to help each other avoid engaging in any (regrettable) sex.

Front 23

23. If a bus full of mixed-sex beautiful people crashed into a bus full of mixed-sex ugly people, would the beautiful group be more likely to receive top-notch help?

Back 23

a. Yes—regardless of the circumstances

Front 24

24. Someone who is high on the dimension of belief in a just world would be MOST likely to agree with a statement like

Back 24

c. "People who are in jail right now deserve to be there."

Front 25

25. In general, how does mood affect helping?

Back 25

a. People in good moods tend to be more helpful.

Front 26

26. In social psychology, the tendency for people to be less likely to offer help when they are in the presence of others than when they aren't is known as

Back 26

b. the bystander effect.

Front 27

27. Pluralistic ignorance is MOST likely to occur

Back 27

d. when you are with a group of strangers.

Front 28

28. In terms of your willingness to offer help to others, audience inhibition can be an obstacle to which of the following?

Back 28

a. Deciding whether or not to help

Front 29

29. In one well-known study of helping behavior, researchers examined helping among a sample of theology students. Students were either (a) put under time pressure or not put under time pressure and (b) expecting to give a speech about the parable of the (very helpful) Good Samaritan or expecting to give a speech about something else. What did the researchers find?

Back 29

b. In this study, helping was not affected by the speech manipulation.

Front 30

30. Suppose that you are in an emergency situation and need help. Social psychological research suggests that your BEST bet is to

Back 30

b. identify a particular person, tell him or her that you need help, and tell him or her precisely what to do.