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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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solvent |
liquid substance in which other substances dissolve |
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metabolic water |
water formed as by-product of carb, lipid, or protein metabolism |
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AI for total water intake |
fluids and foods men: 15 cups women: 11 cups |
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AI for water intake |
water only men: 13 cups women: 9 cups |
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antidiuretic hormone |
hormone secreted by pituitary gland when blood concentration of solutes is high; causes kidneys to decrease water excretion, increases blood volume |
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angiotensin |
hormone produced by liver, activated by enzymes from kidneys signals adrenal glands to produce aldosterone and directs kidneys to conserve sodium (and water) increases blood volume |
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aldosterone |
hormone produced by adrenal glands when blood volume low tells kidneys to conserve sodium (and water) to increase blood volume |
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dehydration |
inadequate intake of water to replace losses |
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water intoxication |
potentially fatal condition that occurs with high intake of water, results in severe dilution of blood and other fluids |
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hyponatremia |
dangerously low blood sodium level |
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hard water |
water that contains high levels of calcium and magnesium |
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soft water |
water that contains high levels of sodium |
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hypertension |
high blood pressure; exceeds 140/90 mm of mercury |
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intracellular fluid |
fluid contained within cell; 2/3 of body fluid |
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ion |
positively or negatively charged atom |
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electrolytes |
minerals that separate into positively or negatively charged ions in water; transmit electric current |
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extracellular fluid |
fluid found outside cells; 1/3 of all body fluid |
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osmosis |
passage of water through membrane from less concentrated compartment to more concentrated compartment |
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isotonic |
having equal concentration of solutes |
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hypotonic |
low concentration of solutes |
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hypertonic |
high concentration of solutes |
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depolarization |
during nerve impulse transmission, process in which resting state of nerve cell membrane is temporarily disrupted |
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action potential |
change in electrical charge of nerve cell membrane resulting in electrical signal that can be transmitted from one nerve cell to next |
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repolarization |
during nerve impulse transmission, restoration of resting state of nerve cell membrane |
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pH |
measure of relative acidity or alkalinity of solution |
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buffer |
compound that functions to take up or release hydrogen ions, thereby causing fluid to resist changes in pH |
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Sodium |
1. positive ion in extracellular fluid 2. aids nerve impulse transmission 3. water balance 4. RDA: 1500 mg 5. UL: 2300 mg 6. sources: table salt, processed foods, condiments, sauces, soups, chips 7. deficiency: muscle cramps 8. toxicity: hypertension, increases Ca loss in urine |
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Potassium |
1. major positive ion in intracellular fluid 2. aids nerve impulse transmission 3. water balance 4. RDA: 4700 mg 5. UL: none 6. sources: spinach, squash, bananas, OJ, milk, meat, legumes, whole grains 7. deficiency: irregular heartbeat, loss of appetite, muscle cramps 8. toxicity: slowing of heartbeat, kidney failure |
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diuretic |
increases urinary fluid excretion |
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Chloride |
1. major negative ion in extracellular fluid 2. helps with acid production in stomach 3. aids nerve impulse transmission 4. water balance 5. RDA: 2300 mg 6. UL: 3600 mg 7. sources: table salt, veggies, processed foods 8. deficiency: convulsions in infants 9. toxicity: hypertension when combined with sodium |
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primary hypertension |
blood pressure of 140/90 mm Hg or higher with no cause; essential hypertension |
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secondary hypertension |
blood pressure of 140/90 mm Hg or higher as result of disease or drug use (ie kidney dysfunction or sleep apnea) |
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Systolic and diastolic pressures range |
1. Normal: 120/80 mm Hg 2. Pre-hypertension: 120/80 < 140/90 mm Hg 3. Hypertension: > 140/90 mm Hg |
