Chapter 9: Muscles And Muscle Tissues

Front 1

What is this?

Back 1

Phase 1

Front 2

What is this?

Back 2

Phase 2

Front 3

Motor Neurons

Back 3

Stimulate muscle cells to contract, found in brain and spinal chord.

Front 4

Motor axons

Back 4

long, thread-like extensions of neurons within the nerves to the muscle cell.

Front 5

Neuromuscular junction

Back 5

axon ending (terminal) on a single muscle fiber

Front 6

Synaptic cleft

Back 6

microscopic space separating axon terminal from the muscle fiber

Front 7

Synaptic vesicles

Back 7

small membranous sacs filled with neurotransmitter (acetycholine)-ACh

Front 8

Motor end plate

Back 8

folded region of sarcolemma under axon terminal which contain ACh

Front 9

Acetylcholinesterase

Back 9

enzyme that breaks down ACh to prevent over stimulation of muscle fiber

Front 10

Study this, what is it

Back 10

muscle fiber stimulation

Front 11

Study this, what is it?

Back 11

Generation of sarcolemma action potential

Front 12

Depolarization

Back 12

sarcolemma becomes less negative

Front 13

Repolarization

Back 13

restoration of initial polarized state

Front 14

Refractory period

Back 14

period where a cell cannot be stimulated again, usually during repolarization.

Front 15

E-C coupling

Back 15

Excitation-contraction

Front 16

what is this?

Back 16

muscle fiber contraction

Front 17

Muscle tension

Back 17

force exerted on an object by muscle contraction

Front 18

load

Back 18

force exerted on a muscle by the weight of an object

Front 19

isometric contraction

Back 19

muscle does not change in length

Front 20

isotonic contraction

Back 20

muscle tension does not change but length does

Front 21

What is this?

Back 21

Motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it supplies

Front 22

myogram

Back 22

graphic recording of contractile activity

Front 23

muscle twitch

Back 23

response of a motor unit to a single action potential

Front 24

latent period

Back 24

e-c coupling, beginning of muscle contraction

Front 25

period of contraction

Back 25

from onset of contraction to peak tension

Front 26

period of relaxation

Back 26

calcium reentry in SR

Front 27

wave summation

Back 27

adding twitch contraction from rapid stimulation of the muscle

Front 28

unfused(incomplete) tetanus

Back 28

rapid stimulation created a sustained and quivering contraction

Front 29

fused(complete) tetanus

Back 29

stimulation is fast enough for all evidence of muscle relaxation to disappear

Front 30

function

Back 30

to create smooth continuous contractions

Front 31

recruitment

Back 31

multiple motor unit summation

Front 32

threshold stimulation

Back 32

stimulus where contraction is observable

Front 33

maximal stimulus

Back 33

all muscle's motor units recruited

Front 34

size priciple

Back 34

motor units recruited in order from smallest muscle fibers to largest muscle fibers

Front 35

whats the left?
what the right?

Back 35

recruitment
size principle

Front 36

what kind of contraction is this?

Back 36

isotonic

Front 37

concentric

Back 37

muscle shortens

Front 38

eccentric

Back 38

muscle lengthens

Front 39

what contraction is this one?

Back 39

isometric

Front 40

muscle metabolism

Back 40

ATP provide