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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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desist
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to spontantaneously stop committing cime.
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development theories
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a branch of criminology that examines change in a criminal career over the life course. developmental factors include biological,social,and psychological change.
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life course theories
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theoretical views studying changes in criminal offending patterns over a person's entire life.
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latent trait theories
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theoretical views that criminal behavior is controlled by aq master trait,present at brth or soon after,that remains stable and unchanging throughtout a person's lifetime.
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problem behavior syndrome
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a cluster of antisocial behaviors thaqt may include family disfunction,sucstance abuse,smoking,precocious sexuality and early pregnancy,educational underachievement,suicide attempts,sensation seeking,and unemployment,as well as crime.
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authority conflict pathway
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the path to a criminal career that begins with early stubborn behavior and defiance of parents.
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covert pathway
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a path to a criminal career that begins with minor underhanded behavior and progress to fore starting and theft.
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overt pathway
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pathway to a criminal career that begins woth minor aggression,leads to physical fighting,and eventually escalates to violent crimes.
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adolescent-limited offenders
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offender who follows the most common criminal trajectory, in which antisocial behavior peaks in adolescence and then diminishes.
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life course persisters
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one of the small group of offenders whose criminal career continues well into adulthood.
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integrated theories
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models of crime causation that weave social and individual variables into a complex explanatory chain.
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age-graded theory
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a developmental theory that posits that (a) individual traits and childhoods experiences are important to understand the onset of delinquenty behavior.
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cumulative disadvantage
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a condition in which repeated negative experiences in adolescence undermine life chances and reduce employability and social relations.
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social capital
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positive relations with individuals and institutions that are life sustaining.
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latent trait
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a stable feature,characteristic,property,or condition,present at birth or soon after,that makes some people crime prone over the life course.
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general theory of crime
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according to gottfredson and hirschi,a developmental theory that modifies social control theory by intergrating concepts from biosocial,psychological,routine activities,and rational choice theories.
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self-control
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a strong moral sense that renders a person incapable of hurting others or violating social norms.
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self-control theory
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according to gottfredson and hirschi,the view that the cause of delinquent behavior is an impulsive personality.
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