Chapter 9, Global Strat

Front 1

chattel slavery

Back 1

one person owns another

Front 2

slavery imposed by state

Back 2

forced labor on convicted felons

Front 3

debt bondage

Back 3

employer pays workers less than what the employer charges the working for company provided food and housings

Front 4

servile forms of marriage:

Back 4

marry off women against their will, some forced into prostitution

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relative vs. absolute poverty

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· People living in rich countries generally focuson relative poverty, meaning that some people lack resources that are taken forgranted by other. Absolute poverty, in a global perspective in a lack ofresources that is life threatening.

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explanations of global poverty:

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1. Technology: lack of resources, using human/animal power, economic production is low

2. Population growth: poorest countries have higherbirth rates- more people more poverty

3. Cultural patterns: poor societies aretraditions, resist change

4. Social stratification: distribute wealthunequally

5. Gender inequality: keeps women from holdingjobs, meaning that they just have many children – expanding population slowseconomic development

6. Global power relationships – global exploitationallows richer colonizing nations at the expense of others

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Modernization theory

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holds that through technology, the door to affluence is availble to all

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Rostow’s stages of modernizations

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1. TraditionalStage: traditional societies are spiritually rich but lacking in material goodso

2. Take-Off Stage: Societies begin to shake offgrip of tradition and a market emerges as people produce good for themselvesand for trade.

3. Drive to technological maturity: idea of“growth” becomes accepted in pursity of society’s higher living standard-absolute poverty is greatly reduced

High mass consumption: economic developmentraises living standards, people learn to need the expanding array of goods-U.S., Japan, and other rich nations reached this point in 1900.

Front 9

Dependency theory

Back 9

· model of economic and social development thatexplains global inequality in terms of the historical exploitation of poornations by rich ones (follows the social conflict approach), putsresponsibility for global poverty on rich nations, which for centuries havesystematically impoverished low-income countries and made them dependent on therich ones.

Front 10

Wallerstein’s view and model of capitalist worldeconomy

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· explains global stratification using the modelof the “capitalist world economy”, affluence of some and the poorness of othersocietiees is a result of the global economic system. The world economic system benefitsrich societies and harms the rest

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core

Back 11

rich nations

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periphery

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low income nations

Exploitation, continue to support rich byproviding cheap labor for vast market of industrial products

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Narrow, export oriented economies

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poor nations produce only a few crops for exportto rich countries.

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Lack of industrial capacity

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: dependent trade with rich nations

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Role of rich nations with regard tomodernization and dependency theories

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Modernization holds that rich countries producewealth through capital investment and new technology. Dependency theory viewsglobal inequality in terms of how countries distribute wealth, argues that richnations have overdeveloped themselves as they have underdeveloped the rest ofthe world.