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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Carcinomas |
Epithelial tissue cancers |
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adenocarcinomas |
glandular tissue |
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sarcomas |
connect, muscle, bone tissue |
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Gliomas |
Tissue of brain and spinal cord |
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melanomas |
pigment cell |
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myelomas |
plasma cell |
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lymphomas |
lymphatic tissue |
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leukocytes |
leukemia |
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erythrocytes |
erythroluekemia |
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CAUTION |
Changes in the bowel or bladder habbits A sore that doesn't heal Unusual bleeding or discharge Thickening or lump Indigestion or difficulty swallowing Obvious changes in a wart or mole Nagging cough or hoarseness |
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Three mechanisms through which cancer cells metastasize |
-By directly spreading by diffusion to other body cavities -By circulation through the blood and lymphatic cells -By direct transportation of cell from one site to another |
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Carcinogenesis |
Cell's transformation from normal to cancerous |
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Oncogenes |
Mutant genes that in their normal nonmutant state direct synthesis of proteins that positively regulate (accelerate) proliferation. |
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Tumor-suppressor genes |
Encodes proteins that in their normal state negatively regulate (halt, or "put the brakes on") proliferation. Anti-oncogenes. |
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Proto-oncogene |
Normal, non-mutant state of oncogene ex: growth factor or a growth factor receptor |
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Point mutations |
alteration of one or few nucleotide base pairs; most common one that can activate oncogenes. ex: pancreatic, colorectal cancers. |
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Chromosomal translocation |
Large changes in chromosomes structure in which a piece of one chromosome is translocated to another chromosome. Can activate oncogenes two ways: First traslocation can cause excess and inappropriate production of a proliferation factor. Secondly can lead to production of novel proteins with growth-promoting properties. |
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Gene amplification |
A type of chromosome structural abnormality that can activate oncongenes. Results from duplication of a region of a chromosome over and over again causing tens or hundred of extra copies present. |
