Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
The developmental process that produces genetically programmed changes with increasing age
|
maturation
|
|
|
a fertilized ovum
|
zygote
|
|
|
a developing baby from the point where the major axis of the body is present until all major structures are present, spanning from 2 -8 weeks after conception
|
embryo
|
|
|
developing baby during the final phase of development in the womb
|
fetus
|
|
|
Any external agent, such as a chemical, virus, or type of radiation, that can cause damage to the zygote, embryo, or fetus
|
teratogen
|
|
|
The view that people are born with some knowledge (approach to language)
|
Nativism
|
|
|
An innate mechanism, hypothesized by Chomsky, that contains the grammatical rules common to all languages and allows language acquisition
|
Language acquisition device
|
|
|
Speech by caregivers to babies that relies on short sentences with clear pauses and high pitched voice
|
Child-directed speech
|
|
|
An overly broad use of a word to refer to a new object or situation
|
overextension
|
|
|
an overly narrow use of a word to refer to a new object or situation
|
underextension
|
|
|
The set of rules that determines how words can be organized into an infinite number of acceptable sentences in a language
|
grammar
|
|
|
speech that packs a lot of information into a few words, typically omitting words such as the, a, and of
|
telegraphic speech
|
|
|
a mistake that occurs in speech because the child applies a newly learned rule even to cases where it does not apply
|
overregularization error
|
|
|
A narrow window of time when a certain type of learning or some aspect of development is possible
|
critical period
|
|
|
In Piaget's theory, a mental structure that organizes perceptual input and connects it to the appropriate responses
|
schema
|
|
|
In Piaget's theory, the process that allows the use of existing schemas to take in new sets of stimuli and respond accordingly
|
assimilation
|
|
|
In Piaget's theory, the process that results in schemas' changing as necessary to cope with a broader range of situations
|
accomodation
|
|
|
the understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be immediately perceived
|
object permanence
|
|
|
the Piagetian principle that certain properties, such as amoun or mass, remain the same even when the appearance of the material or object changes, provided that nothing is added or removed
|
Conservation
|
|
|
In Piaget's theory, the inability to take another person's point of view
|
egocentrism
|
|
|
In Piaget's theory, a manipulation of the mental representation of an object that corresponds to an actual physical manipulation
|
Concrete operation
|
|
|
In piaget's theory, a mental act that can be performed even with an abstract concept
|
Formal operation
|
|
|
fear of being away from the primary caregiver
|
separation anxiety
|
|
|
The beliefs, desires, values, and attributes that define a person to himself or herself
|
self-concept
|
|
|
The culturally determined appropriate behaviors for males versus females
|
gender roles
|
|
|
A situation in which there are moral pros and cons for each of a set of possible actions
|
moral dilemma
|
|
|
The time when hormones cause the sex organs to mature and secondary sexual characteristics, such as breasts for women and a beard for men, to appear
|
puberty
|
|
|
The period between the onset of puberty and, roughly, the end of the teenage years
|
adolescence
|
|
|
A study in which the same group of people is tested repeatedly, at different ages
|
longitudinal study
|
|
|
A study in which different groups of people are tested, with each group composed of individuals of a particular age
|
cross-sectional study
|
|
|
The effects of maturation and learning on personality and relationships
|
psychosocial development
|
