Chapter 8: Printmaking

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printmaking

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Printmaking is the process of making artworks by printing, normally on paper. Printmaking normally covers only the process of creating prints that have an element of originality, rather than just being a photographic reproduction of a painting.

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offset lithography

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Planographic printing by indirect image-transfer from photomechanical plates. The plate transfers ink to a rubber-covered cylinder, which "offsets" the ink to the paper. Also called photo-offset and offset lithography.

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pulled

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"Nearly all the original prints are numbered to indicate the total number of prints _____, or printed, in the edition, and to give the number of each print in the sequence. The figure 6/50 on a print, for example, would indicate that the edition totaled fifty prints and that this was the sixth print pulled.

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AP

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Means artist's proof

"As part of the printmaking process, artists make prints called progressive proofs at various stages to see how the image on the block, plate, stone, or screen is developing. When a satisfactory stage is reached, the artist makes a few prints for his or her record and personal use."

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relief

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A printing technique in which the parts of the printing surface that carry ink are left raised, while the remaining areas are cut away. Woodcuts and linoleum prints (linocuts) are relief prints.

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examples of reliefs

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Woodcuts, wood engravings, and linoleum cuts (or linocuts). Marks made by rubber stamps and wet tires are examples of relief-printed marks in the everyday world.

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intaglio

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Any printmaking technique in which lines and areas to be inked and transferred to paper are recessed below the surface of the printing plate. Etching, engraving, dry point, and aquatint are all intaglio processes.

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engraving

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An intaglio printmaking in which grooves are cut into a metal or wood surface with a sharp cutting tool called a burin or graver. Also, the resulting print.

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burin

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engraving tool

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etching

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An intaglio printmaking process in which a metal plate is first coated with acid-resistant wax, then scratched to expose the metal to the bite of nitric acid where lines are desired. Also, the resulting print

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ground

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a protective coating of acid-resistant material that covers the copper or zinc

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aquatint

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An intaglio printmaking process in which value areas rather than lines are etched on the printing plate. Powdered resin is sprinkled on the plate, which is then immersed in an acid bath. The acid bites around the resin particles, creating a rough surface that holds ink. Also, a print made using this process.

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lithography

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A planographic printmaking technique based on the antipathy of oil and water. The image is drawn with a grease crayon or painted with tusche on a stone or grained aluminum plate. The surface is then chemically treated and dampened so that it will accept ink only where the crayon or tusche has been used.

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tusche

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In lithography, a waxy substance used to draw or point images on a lithographic stone or plate

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screen printing

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Also known as serigraphy. A printmaking technique in which stencils are applied to fabric stretched across a frame. Paint or ink is forced with a squeegee through the unblocked portions of the screen onto paper or other surface beneath.

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squeegee

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A rubber edged tool that pushes the ink through the fabric in open areas of the stencil on the material being printed.

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photo screen

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a variation of a silk screen in which the stencil is prepared photographically.

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Printmaking Artists

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1.) Henri de Toulouse-Latrec (Jane Avril, 1893)

2.) Andy Warhol (Little Race Riot, 1964)

3.) Marry Cassatt (The Letter, 1891)

pgs. 146, 148 & 150.