Chapter 8 Key Terms

Front 1

critical criminlogists

Back 1

researchers who view crime as a function of the capitalists mode of production and not the social conflict that might occur in any society regardless of it's economic system.

Front 2

critical criminology

Back 2

the view that capitalism produces haves and have-nots, each engaging in a particular branch of criminality.

Front 3

communist manifesto

Back 3

in this document, marx focused his attention on the economic conditions perpetuated by the capitalist system.

Front 4

productive forces

Back 4

technology,energy sources, and material resources.

Front 5

productive relations

Back 5

the relationship that exists among the people producing goods and services.

Front 6

capitalists bourgeoisie

Back 6

the owners of the means of production.

Front 7

proletariat

Back 7

a term used by marx to refer to the working class members of society who produce goods and services but who do not own the means of production.

Front 8

lumpen proletariat

Back 8

the fringe members at the bottom of society who produce nothing and live,parasitically,off the workof others.

Front 9

dialectic method

Back 9

for every idea,or thesis,there exists an opposing argument, or an anthitesis. because neither position can ever be truly accepted,the result is a merger of the two ideas,a synthesis.

Front 10

thesis

Back 10

in the philosophy of hegel, an original idea or thought.

Front 11

antithesis

Back 11

an oppsing argument

Front 12

synthesis

Back 12

a merger of two oppsing ideas.

Front 13

imperatively coordinated association

Back 13

these associations are composed of two groups; those who oppose authority and use it for social domination, and those whp lack authority and are dominated.

Front 14

surplus value

Back 14

the marxist view that the laboring classes produce wealth that far exceeds their wages and goes to the capitalist class as profits.

Front 15

marginalizatuon

Back 15

diplacement of workers,pushong them outside the economic and social mainstream.

Front 16

globalization

Back 16

the process of creating transitional markets,politics,and legal systems in an effort to form and sustain a global economy.

Front 17

instrumental theorists

Back 17

the view that criminal law and the criminal justice system are capitalists instruments for controlling the lower class.

Front 18

srtructual theorists

Back 18

the view that criminal law and the criminal justice system are means of defending and preserving the capitalists system.

Front 19

demystify

Back 19

to unmask the true purpose of law,justice,or other social institutions.

Front 20

left realism

Back 20

an approach that views crime as a function of relative deprivation under capitalism and that favors pragmatic,community-based crime prevention and control.

Front 21

preemptive deterrence

Back 21

efforts to prevent crome through community organization and youth involvement.

Front 22

critical feminism

Back 22

scholars,both male and female,who focus on the effects of gender inequality and the unequal power of men and women in a capitaist society.

Front 23

patriarchal

Back 23

a society in which men dominate public,social,economic, and political affairs.

Front 24

paternalistic families

Back 24

traditional family model in which fathers assume the role of breadwinners, while mothers tend to have menial jobs or remain at home to supervise domestic matters.

Front 25

role exit behaviors

Back 25

in order to escape from a stifling life in male-dominated families,girls may try to break away by running awayand or even attempting suicide.

Front 26

egalitarian families

Back 26

families in which spouses share similar positions of power at home and in the workplace

Front 27

power-control theory

Back 27

the view that gender differences in crime are a function of economic power(class position,one-earner vrsus two-earner families)and parental control(paternalistic versus egalitarian families).

Front 28

peacemaking

Back 28

an approach that considers punitive crime control strategies to be counterproductive and favors the use of humanistic conflict resolution to prevent andcontro crime.

Front 29

restorative justice

Back 29

using humanistic,nonpuniltive strategies to right wrongs and restore socia harmony.

Front 30

shame

Back 30

the feeling we get when we don't meet the standards we have set for ourselves or that significant others have set for us.

Front 31

reintergrative shaming

Back 31

a method of correction that encourages offenders to confront their misdeeds,experience shame because of the harm they caused,and then be reincluded in society.

Front 32

sentencing circle

Back 32

a peacemaking technique in which offenders,victims,and other community members are brought together in an effort to formulate a sanction that addreses the needs of all.