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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Cell Cycle |
The steps that lead to cell division in a cell's life |
Is very similar to a human life Results in cell death in some cases |
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Mitosis |
The division of a cell on a nuclear level |
Skin cells do this most often Separating a cell |
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Interphase |
Occurs between division of cells; causes the replication of DNA and promotes cell growth |
In between two processes Creates DNA that is "the same" |
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G1/G0 |
The primary growth and creation of macromolecules within a cell |
Macromolecules in the beginning stages Can be thought of as "Ground zero" |
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S |
The creation of DNA, synthesis |
How something is made The inception of something |
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G2 |
The final growth and creation of macromolecules in a cell |
The final stage of creation "Level 2" of macromolecule inception |
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Restriction Point |
The end of the cell cycle as well as the end of cell growth |
Can not pass this The definitive ending of progression |
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Cytokinesis |
The separation of cytoplasm after the nucleus of a cell divides
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Occurs mainly during mitosis Complete seperation |
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Daughter Cell |
The two cells left behind after cell division |
What is left after a division The offspring in a "family" of cells |
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Nucleotide Base Pairing |
Pairs of nucleotides to bonded to one another
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Connection between two similar things Nearly identical |
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Hydrogen Bond |
Bonds hydrogen to another element to keep a DNA double helix together
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Bond joining DNA Very simple bond |
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Antiparellel |
Parallel but moving in opposite directions
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The same in structure but different in movement Almost like lanes of traffic in structure |
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DNA Polymerase |
Initiates the creation of new DNA using a strand of the original DNA
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Makes something new from the old Reproduction of DNA is started by this substance |
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Semi-conservative Replication |
Produces two new strands of DNA, each containing one strand of the original DNA
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Equal distribution of DNA strands Synthesizes the creation of DNA |
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Histone |
Involved in the creation of a chromatin, by way of DNA wrapping around it to create a nucleosome
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Is wrapped around by something Is involved in the process of DNA creation |
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Chromosome |
Make an organism what it is, on a cellular level; chromosomes dictate an organisms cell growth and reproduction rates
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A piece of genetic information in a cell Controls a cell's processes |
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Chromatin |
DNA and other chromosomes in the cell's nucleus, but with unclear chromosomes
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Is not clearly defined Genetic information in the nucleus |
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Mutation |
A change in structure of genetic material (genes, chromosomes, etc.)
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Major change or deformity Can be positive or negative |
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Mutagen |
Causes mutations in DNA
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Initiates major changes in genetic information Occurs the most in DNA |
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Excision Repair |
A process that repairs DNA by removing the damaged piece and creating a new segment to replace the missing piece
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The construction workers of DNA Replaces segments of damaged DNA to make it stronger |
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Leading Strand/Lagging Strand |
The different strands of DNA in a newly created segment
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The two strands that make up DNA One strand is normally new and the other is from the original DNA segment |
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Sister Chromatids |
Identical pair of chromosomes in the cell
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Like the identical twins of chromosomes Are created after the process of mitosis |
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Centromere |
Holds together two of the same chromosomes
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Bonds together similar chromosomes Acts as a go-between for genetic information |
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Aneuploid |
Having an incorrect amount of chromosomes for the substance's specific species
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An imbalance in genetic material Does not match up with the average for your species |
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Prophase |
The first stage of mitosis, in which a spindle forms in place of the nuclear membrane
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Beginning of mitosis "Pro-" meaning first |
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Metaphase |
The second stage of mitosis, in which chromosomes attach to the middle of the spindle
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Attracted to the center Created bonds of genetic material |
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Anaphase |
The third stage of mitosis, in which chromosomes separate and move to opposite sides of the cell
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Repel each other Divide into two areas of the spindle |
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Telophase |
The final stage of mitosis, in which two nuclei from in the cell; this is normally followed by cell division
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The end of mitosis Is the former to cell division |
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Centrioles |
Is found in animals cells and is used to organize microtubules during cell division
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Used to organize microtubules in animals' cells Used during cell division |
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(Mitotic) Spindle (Fibers) |
Separates chromatids during cell division and is comprised of microtubules
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Separation within a separation process Made of microtubules |
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Spindle Poles |
On the tip of one of the mitotic spindles, which is where the creation of identical nuclei during the process of mitosis
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On the end, like a cap Site of mitosis |
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Kinetochore |
Bonds chromosomes to the mitotic spindle
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Bonding agent for genetic material Is used on a cell's spindle |
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Cyclins |
Proteins that move a cell through the cell cycle and regulates concentration to keep the cell processes normal
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The transfer cells of the cell cycle Regulates a cells progression through the cell cycle |
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Kinases |
The initiation of the movement of ATP to a particular molecule
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Moves energy to molecules Helps to power cell division |
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Cell-Cycle Arrest |
Stopping the cell cycle due to the presence of damaged DNA
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The stopping a the cell cycle Senses damage in genetic information |
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Cancer |
A group of diseases that have abnormal and uncontrolled division of cells
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Comes in many different forms A very serious and common disease |
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Checkpoints |
Keep DNA, chromosomes, and mitotic spindles from producing mutated cells
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Check in on the cell process of genetic substances Keeps cells from producing "damaged" cells |
