Chapter 8: Heart And Blood Vessels

Front 1

Cardiovascular system

Back 1

the heart and blood vessels are known collectively as the ________________

Front 2

Arteries

Back 2

Carries blood away from the heart, transport blood under high pressure and thick walled (3 layers, innermost layer, middle layer and outer layer)

Front 3

Aneurism

Back 3

Defect and ballooning of arterial wall. some bulge inward, some bulge outward. Develops over time and often symptom-less until a blood vessel ruptures.

Front 4

Arterioles

Back 4

small little arteries, Help regulate the amount of blood that flows to each capillary

Front 5

Aorta

Back 5

largest artery in the body

Front 6

Precapillary sphincter

Back 6

right where an arteriole joins a capillary is a band of smooth muscle. (relaxed and constricted or vasodilation/vasoconstriction)

Front 7

Blood flow

Back 7

from the heart--->arteries--->capillaries---> venules----->veins----back to the heart

Front 8

Vasodilation

Back 8

Relaxation of vascular smooth muscle. it increases blood flow to the capillaries

Front 9

Vasoconstriction

Back 9

contraction of the vascular smooth muscle. IT decreases blood flow to capillaries.

Front 10

Capillaries

Back 10

The smallest type of blood vessels that connect arterioles. Are the site of exchange between blood and tissue cells. (think walled, one cell layer thick, porous(holes). Their function is selective exchange of substances with the interstitial fluid.

Front 11

Capillary beds

Back 11

extensive networks of capillaries (can be found in all areas of the body, which is why you are likely to bleed no matter where you cut yourself)

Front 12

Arteries transport blood away from the ____

Back 12

heart

Front 13

Lymphatic system helps maintain

Back 13

blood volume

Front 14

lymphatic system

Back 14

returns excess intersitual fluid to circulatory cardiovascular system. Also functions in immune defense.

Front 15

Veins

Back 15

returns blood to the heart. 3 layers, thin walled, larger lumen than arteries

Front 16

Venules

Back 16

small veins

Front 17

Varicose veins

Back 17

permanently swollen veins that look twisted and bumpy from pooled blood

Front 18

Three mechansims assisting in blood return

Back 18

1). contraction of skeletal muscle 2). one-way valves permit only one way blood flow 3). pressure changes associated with breathing push blood towards the heart.

Front 19

The heart is mostly

Back 19

Muscle

Front 20

Pericardium

Back 20

a tough fibrous sac. It protects the heart, anchors it to surrounding structures and prevents it from overfilling with blood.

Front 21

Three layers of the heart

Back 21

Epicardium, myocardium, endocardium

Front 22

Epidcardium

Back 22

(outer most layer)thin layer of epithelial and connective tissue

Front 23

myocardium

Back 23

(middle layer) Thick layer of cardiac muscle that forms the bulk of the heart. Contacts every time the heart beats, Electrical signal flow directly from cell to cell.

Front 24

Endocardium

Back 24

(inner most layer) Thin endothelial layer resting on a layer of connective tissue. Continuous with the endothelium that lines the blood vessels

Front 25

The heart has ____chambers and ____valves

Back 25

4, 4

Front 26

Atria (atrium)

Back 26

(upper chamber)One of the two chambers of the heart that receive blood from veins and deliver it to the ventricles.(right and a left)

Front 27

Ventricle

Back 27

(lower chamber) one of the two chambers that receives blood from an atrium and pumps it into an artery.

Front 28

Septum

Back 28

the muscular partition that separates right and left side of the heart.

Front 29

Atrioventricular (AV) valves

Back 29

Prevent blood from flowing backwards. Valve located between atria and their corresponding ventricles.

Front 30

Triscuspid valve

Back 30

right side (AV valves)

Front 31

biscuspid valve

Back 31

left side (AV valves)

Front 32

Semilunar valves

Back 32

pulmonary valve (right) aortic valve (left)

Front 33

pulmonary circuit

Back 33

that part of the vascular system that takes deoxygenated blood to the lungs and returns oxygenated blood to the heart.

Front 34

Systemic circuit

Back 34

The system of blood vessels that transport blood to all cells of the body except those served by pulmonary circuit.

Front 35

Aorta

Back 35

The main systemic artery. arises from the left ventricle of the heart.

Front 36

Coronary arteries

Back 36

arteries that supply the heart muscle itself, supply myocardium, small diameter may become partially or completely blocked by atheroscelosis.

Front 37

systole

Back 37

refers to the period of contraction

Front 38

diastole

Back 38

refers to the period of relaxation

Front 39

cardiac cycle

Back 39

the entire sequence of contraction and relaxation

Front 40

Atrial Systole

Back 40

Both atria contract, AV valves open, semilunar valves are closed and ventricles fill

Front 41

Ventricular systole

Back 41

both ventricles contract (decrease in size) AV valves close, semilunar valves open.

Front 42

diastole

Back 42

both atria and venticles relax and semilunar valves close

Front 43

heart sounds

Back 43

lub: closing of both AV valves during venticular systole, DUB: closing of both semilunar valves during ventricular distole

Front 44

heart murmurs

Back 44

caused when blood flow is disturbed, may be a sign of defective valve.

Front 45

Cardiac conduction system

Back 45

a group of specialized cardiac muscle cells that initate and distribute electrical impulses throughout the heart (in an orderly sequence)

Front 46

Sionatrical (SA) node

Back 46

a small mass of cardiac muscle located near the junction of right atrium and the superior vena cava. Cardiac pacemaker (because it initiates the heartbeat) Pace can be modified by nervous system.(brain)

Front 47

Atrioventricular (AV) node

Back 47

located between atria and ventricles, relays impulse

Front 48

atrioventricular (AV) node

Back 48

an electrical signal that sweeps to a group of conducting fibers in the septum between the 2 ventricles. Fibers branch & extend into purkinje fibers (small fibers that carry the impulse to all the cells in the myocardium of ventricles)

Front 49

Electrocadiogram (ECG,EKG)

Back 49

Tracks the electrical activity of the heart. can detect arrhythmas (irregularties) venticular firillation (rapid irregular contraction)

Front 50

a healthy heart produces a characteristic pattern (three formations)

Back 50

P-Wave, QRS complex, T-wave.